Philippine Studies

I

A Little Book of Filipino Riddles

Collected and Edited
by Frederick Starr

World Book Co.
Yonkers, New York
1909

Copyrighted 1909 by Frederick Starr

The Torch Press Cedar Rapids, Iowa Page 3

This Little Book of
Filipino Riddles
Is Dedicated To
Gelacio Caburian
Casimiro Verceles
Rufino Dungan
of
Agoo, Union Province Page 4

Introduction

Although I had already inquired for them from Ilocano boys, my first actual knowledge of Filipino riddles was due to Mr. George T. Shoens, American teacher among the Bisayans. He had made a collection of some fifty Bisayan riddles and presented a brief paper regarding them at the Anthropological Conference held at Baguio, under my direction, on May 12–14, 1908. My own collection was begun among Ilocano of Union Province from whom about two hundred examples were secured. Others were later secured from Pangasinan, Gaddang, Pampangan, Bisayan and Tagal sources. My informants have chiefly been school-boys, who spoke a little English; they wrote the text of riddle and answer in their native tongue and then we went over them carefully together to make an English translation and to get at the meaning. Many Filipinos know how to read and write their native language, although few have had actual instruction in doing so. There is no question that errors and inconsistencies Page 5exist in the spelling of these riddles, due to this lack of instruction and to the fact that the texts have been written by many different persons. I am myself not acquainted with any Malay language. I have tried to secure uniformity in spelling within the limits of each language but have no doubt overlooked many inconsistencies. The indulgence of competent critics is asked. It has been our intention throughout to adhere to the old orthography. Thus the initial qu and the final ao have been preferred.

The word for riddle varies with the population. In Ilocano it is burburtia, in Pangasinan boniqueo, in Tagal bugtong, in Gaddang ———, in Pampangan bugtong, in Bisayan tugmahanon.

Riddles are common to all mankind. They delighted the old Aryans and the ancient Greeks as they do the modern Hindu and the Bantu peoples of darkest Africa. Many writers have defined the riddle. Friedreich in his Geschichte des Räthsels, says: “The riddle is an indirect presentation of an unknown object, in order that the ingenuity of the hearer or reader may be exercised in finding it out.... Wolf has given the following definition: the riddle is a play of wit, which endeavors to so present Page 6an object, by stating its characteristic features and peculiarities, as to adequately call it before the mind, without, however, actually naming it.”

The riddles of various Oriental peoples have already been collected and more or less adequately discussed by authors. Hebrew riddles occur in the Bible, the best known certainly being Samson's:

“Out of the eater came forth meat,
And out of the strong came forth sweetness.”

Arabic riddles are many and have been considerably studied; Persian riddles are well known; of Indian riddles at least one collection has been printed separately under the name Lakshminatha upasaru, a series of Kolarian riddles from Chota Nagpur has been printed as, also, an interesting article upon Behar riddles; Sanskrit riddles are numerous and have called for some attention from scholars; a few Gypsy riddles are known; two recent papers deal with Corean riddles. We know of but two references to Malayan riddles; one is Rizal, Specimens of Tagal Folk-Lore, the other is Sibree's paper upon the Oratory, Songs, Legends, and Folk-Tales of the Malagasy. This is no doubt an incomplete bibliography but the field has been sadly neglected and even to secure Page 7this list has demanded much labor. It suffices to show how deeply the riddle is rooted in Oriental thought and indicates the probability that riddles were used in Malaysia long before European contact.

To what degree Filipino riddles are indigenous and original is an interesting but difficult question. So far as they are of European origin or influenced by European thought, they have come from or been influenced by Spain. Whatever comparison is made should chiefly, and primarily, be with Spanish riddles. But our available sources of information regarding Spanish riddles are not numerous. We have only Demofilo's Collecion de enigmas y adivinanzas, printed at Seville in 1880, and a series of five chap-books from Mexico, entitled Del Pegueño Adivinadorcito, and containing a total of three hundred and seven riddles. Filipino riddles deal largely with animals, plants and objects of local character; such must have been made in the Islands even if influenced by Spanish models and ideas. Some depend upon purely local customs and conditions—thus numbers 170, 237, etc., could only originate locally. Some, to which the answers are such words as egg, needle and thread, etc., (answers Page 8common to riddles in all European lands), may be due to outside influence and may still have some local or native touch or flavor, in their metaphors; thus No. 102 is actually our “Humpty Dumpty sat on a wall;” the Mexican form runs:

“Una arquita muy chiquita
tan blanca como la cal
todo lo saben abrir
pero ninguno cerrar.”

But the metaphor “the King's limebox” could only occur in a district of betel-chewing and is a native touch. Many of the Filipino riddles introduce the names of saints and, to that degree, evidence foreign influence; but even in such cases there may be local coloring; thus, calling rain-drops falling “rods,” “St. Joseph's rods cannot be counted,” could hardly be found outside of the tropics. Religious riddles, relating to beads, bells, church, crucifixes, are common enough and are necessarily due to outside influence, but even such sometimes show a non-European attitude of mind, metaphorical expression or form of thought.

Everywhere riddles vary in quality and value. Many are stupid things, crudely conceived and badly expressed. Only the exceptional is fine. Examine any page of one of our own riddle books Page 9and you may criticize almost every riddle upon it for view-point, or form, or flavor. We must not demand more from Filipino riddles than from our own. Some knowledge of local products, customs, conditions, is necessary for the understanding of their meaning; when understood, they are fully equal to ours in shrewdness, wit and expression. Krauss emphasizes the fact that everywhere riddles tend to coarseness and even to obscenity and discusses the reasons. What is true elsewhere is true here; a considerable number of Filipino riddles are coarse; we have introduced them but emphasize the fact that any scientifically formed collection of German or English riddles would contain some quite as bad.

Probably few of our readers have considered the taxonomy of riddles. Friedreich offers a loose and unscientific classification as follows:

• I. The Question Riddle.
• II. The Simple Word Riddle (with seven sub-divisions).
• III. The Syllable Riddle or Charade.
• IV. The Letter Riddle.
  • 1. With reference to sound.
  • 2. With reference to form.
• V. Punctuation Riddles.
• VI. The Rebus.
• VII. Complex Riddles; combination of two or more simple types.
• VIII. Number Riddles.

Page 10

Several of these forms occur in our collection.

More scientific than Friedreich's work is Petsch's Studien über das Volksrätsel. His analysis and dissection of riddle forms best enable us to test the indigenous content of our Filipino riddles. He recognizes two fundamental riddle types. He says: “Two groups of riddles have long been distinguished in the collections, the true rhymed riddles and the short ‘catch-questions’ expressed in prose. The difference is not only in form but in content. ‘True riddles’ have as purpose the describing of an object in veiled, thought-arousing, perhaps misleading, poetical clothing, which, from this presentation of its appearance, its source, its utility, etc., shall be recognized by the intelligence, i.e., can and shall be guessed. ‘Catch-questions,’ on the contrary, are not to be guessed, the questioner intending himself to give the solution; at their best they are intended to trick the hearer, and since their solution is impossible to the uninitiated are not ‘true riddles’ but false ones. Since I propose to divide the total riddle material of each single nation between these Page 11two great chief groups, may I not somewhat extend the scope of the latter, including some things which are rejected from most collections as having little to do with actual riddles—those questions which are generally insoluble and such tests of wisdom as appeal not to wit and understanding, but to knowledge—which are certainly not true riddles. Thus, in the group here characterized as ‘false’ different classes of things are brought together, the characteristics of which I shall investigate later.” It would be interesting to quote the author's discussion further. We can, however, only state that he recognizes three classes of “false riddles,” to which he gives the names “wisdom tests,” “life-ransoming riddles,” and “catch-questions.”

Of “true riddles” there is a vast variety of form and content. Most typical is the descriptive riddle of a single object to be guessed. In its complete and normal form Petsch claims that such a riddle consists of five elements or parts. 1 Introduction; 2 denominative; 3 descriptive; 4 restraint or contrast; 5 conclusion. 1 and 5 are merely formal, trimmings; 2 and 3 are inherent and essential; 4 is common and adds vigor and interest. Such complete and “normal” Page 12riddles are rare in any language. Usually one or more of the five elements are lacking. It is only by such an analysis of riddle forms that a comparative study of riddles can be made. Any single riddle is best understood, by the constant holding before the mind this pattern framework and noting the degree of development of the case in hand.

The Filipinos themselves recognize several classes of riddles. An old Tagal lady told us there were three kinds:

• 1. Alo-divino: concerning God and divine things
• 2. Alo-humano: concerning persons
• 3. Parabula: all others

There is no science in this classification, which embodies considerable corrupted Spanish. Another informant recognizes six classes:

• 1. Alo-divino
• 2. Historia-vino: history of God and saints
• 3. Alo-humano
• 4. Historia-mano: history of persons.
• 5. Karle-mano: God and saints and persons together.
• 6. Parabula or biniyabas.

These names call for little comment and the classification they embody is of the loosest. The word parabula is Page 13Spanish in source and equivalent to our parable; biniyabas is Tagal.

Some features of our riddles call for comment. Filipino riddles, in whatever language, are likely to be in poetical form. The commonest type is in two well-balanced, rhyming lines. Filipino versification is less exacting in its demand in rhyme than our own; it is sufficient if the final syllables contain the same vowel; thus Rizal says—ayup and pagud, aval and alam, rhyme. The commonest riddle verse contains five or seven, or six, syllables, thus:

Daluang balon
hindi malingon

or

Bahay ni San Gabriel
punong puno nang barel.

Just as in European riddles certain set phrases or sentences are found frequently at the beginning or end of the riddle. In Ilocano and Pangasinan a common introductory form is “What creature of God” or “What thing made by Lord God,” the expression in reality being equivalent to a simple “what.” These pious forms do not at all necessarily refer either to animals or natural objects; thus, a boat or a house is just as good a “creature of God” as a fowl is. A common form of ending Page 14is “Tell it and I am yours,” “Guess it and I am your man.”

Quite analogous to calling inanimate or artificial things “creatures of God” is the personification of all sorts of things, animate and inanimate; thus, a rat is “an old man,” a dipper is “a boy.” Not infrequently the object or idea thus personified is given a title of respect; thus, “Corporal Black” is the night. Akin to personification is bold metaphor and association. In this there may or may not be some evident analogy; thus a crawfish is “a bird,” the banca or canoe is “rung” (like a bell.) Not uncommonly the word “house” is used of anything thought of as containing something; thus “Santa Ana's house,” “San Gabriel's house;” this use is particularly used in speaking of fruits. “Santa Ana's house is full of bullets” is rather pretty description for the papaya. The word “work” is often used for a thing made, or a manufactured article.

Saints' names are constantly introduced, generally in the possessive case; examples are “Santa Ana's house,” “Santa Maria's umbrella,” “San Jose's canes.” Less commonly the names of other Bible worthies occur; thus “Adam's hair.” There is not always any Page 15evident fitness in the selection of the Saint in the connection established. San Jose's connection with rain is suitable enough. One would need to know a good deal regarding local and popular hagiography in order to see to what degree the selections are appropriate.

Sometimes words without meaning, or with no significance in the connection where they occur are used. These may serve merely to fill out a line or to meet the demands of metre. Such often appear to be names of the style of “Humpty Dumpty;” these may be phonetically happy, as similar ones often are in European riddles, fitting well with the word or idea to be called up. Marabotania is probably meaningless, merely for euphony. Place names with no real connection with the thought are frequently introduced, as Pantaleon, Mariveles. “Guering-guering” and “Minimin” are merely for sound.

Particularly interesting and curious are the historia-vino given in numbers 312–317. No doubt there are many such. Those here given were secured from one boy at Malolos. When first examined, I believed the boy had not understood what I was after. He assured me that they were bugtong and bugtong of the best and finest class. The idea in these Page 16is to propound a statement in a paradoxical form, which calls for some reference to a bible story or teaching; the answer is not immediately clear and demands a commentary which is quite often subtle and ingenious. Friedreich gives examples of similar expository religious riddles from Europe.

A curious group are the relationship riddles, numbers 286–289, which closely resemble trick questions among ourselves. The evidence of outside influence is here conclusive in the fact that the ideas and terms of relationship in them are purely European, in nowise reflecting the characteristic Malayan system and nomenclature.

Some of the riddles are distinctly stupid. “I let the sun shine on your father's back” seems to mean no more than that the house roof is exposed to the solar rays. It is doubtful whether this means much even in the original Tagal. Of course many of the riddles demand for their adequate understanding a knowledge of native customs, which the outsider rarely has. Thus, until one knows a common method of punishing naughty children, the riddle “I have a friend; I do not like to face him” means nothing. Perhaps the most difficult to adequately present are some plays Page 17on words. These frequently need a considerable explanation. In some of these the parts of the word to guess are concealed in or are suggested by the form of the statement and one must extract them and combine them; such are “iscopidor” and “sampaloc.” In others the play depends upon homophony, the same sound or word have different meanings. In yet a third class the answer is a smart Aleck sort of an affair, “How do you take a deer without net, dogs, spear, or other things for catching?” “Cooked.” Most inane of all, but with plenty of analogues among ourselves, are those where the answer itself is introduced into the question with the intention to mislead; “Its skin is green and its flesh is red like a watermelon.” “Watermelon.”

Filipino riddles are mostly given out by young people. When several are gathered together they will question and answer; they are much in vogue when a young gentleman calls upon his sweetheart; among Tagals and Pampangans at least the chief occasion for giving bugtong is when a little group are watching at night beside a corpse. In propounding a riddle it is not uncommon to challenge attention by repeating as witty a rhyme, which is quite as often Page 18coarse as witty. One Tagal example runs:

Bugtong co ka Piro!
Turan mo ka Baldo!
Pag hindi mo naturan
Hindi ca nang iwang;
Pag maturan mo
May tae ang puit mo.

I have a bugtong compadre P!
Guess it compadre B!
If you cannot guess it
You have not cleaned yourself;
If you do not guess it
You are dirty.

We have mentioned two references to Malay riddles. Of the eight given in Rizal's paper five have been given us by our informants. As Rizal's entire paper will be reprinted in another volume of this series we have not copied the other three. Sibree's paper is important for comparison, since it presents matter drawn from the uttermost point of Malaysia, Madagascar, which has been unaffected by Spanish influence. Sibree's article is translated from a little book by another missionary, the Rev. Louis Dahle. Dahle's book is entitled Specimens of Malayasy Folklore and its material is presented in Malagasy Page 19only. Mr. Sibree translates twenty of his riddles. They are in character and flavor like many of the Filipino riddles. As Sibree does not give the native text and I have not seen Dahle's book, I cannot know whether they are rhymed. They are all of the type of true riddles to be guessed, descriptions wherein one or two characteristics or striking features are presented, either directly or figuratively. Examination of this little series deepens an impression already made by study of our own collection, namely, that the true riddles in our series are largely original Filipino while the insoluble riddles, the catches, the plays on words, are those where foreign influence is most evident. Although Sibree's article is easily accessible, we quote a few of these Malagasy examples for comparison.

“Cut and no wound seen?” “Water,” is our number 231.

“The mother says let us stand up, but the children say let us lie across?” “A ladder.” and “At night they come without being fetched and by day they are lost, without being stolen?” “The stars.” are quite in the style and spirit of Filipino riddles. Compare “Coarse rafia cloth outside and white robe inside?” “Manioc root” with the “Poor Page 20outside; rich within,” “Langca” of the Ilocano.

The order of presentation of these riddles has been a considerable problem. To arrange them rigidly in Petsch's order of development might have been fairly satisfactory but would have rendered the finding of any desired riddle difficult. We have struck out a crude arrangement in alphabetical order of the English answers, with subdivisions under some general headings. The arrangement is not scientific nor completely developed, but it will perhaps work fairly well in practice. The original text is first given for riddle and answer; the English translation of both follows; then are given such explanation and comment as are necessary. When a riddle occurs in different languages, the text of the question is given in one, but the fact of its occurrence in others is indicated.

We are indebted to many for assistance. The list is too long for individual acknowledgment. To our original Ilocano helpers this little book is dedicated. To Messrs. George T. Shoens, Francisco A. Santos (Calumpit), Rufino Santos (Arayat) and Conrado Benitez (Pagsanghan), we are so deeply indebted that their names must be mentioned. To Page 21school boys in Agoo, San Fernando (Union), Malolos, Manila and Tayug, we owe many thanks. Would that the publication of this imperfect collection might lead to their greater interest in a neglected section of their folklore. Some Malay worker ought to perfect and complete the work here begun.

This volume is the first number of a series of little books which the undersigned plans to bring out under the general title of Philippine Studies. Each number will treat of a distinct and separate subject; each will be independent. The extent to which the series will be developed, will depend upon the reception given to it and the degree in which it appears to respond to a real need. Two numbers at any rate are already arranged and the second should appear within a year.

Frederick Starr.

September, 1909. Page 22

Bibliography of Works Mentioned in the Introduction

Bernheisel, K. Korean Conundrums. Korean Review. 1905, pp. 81–86.

Bloomfield, M. Religion of the Veda, pp. 215–218. (Sanskrit Riddles.) Journal American Oriental Society, Vol. X, p. 172.

Dahle, L. Specimens of Malagasy Folk-Lore. Atananarivo, 1877, 8vo, pp. 457.

Del pequeno Adivinadorcito. Mexico. Five chap-books, 16mo each, 16 pp.

Demofilo. Colleccion de enigmas y adivinanzas. Sevilla, 1880. 8vo, pp. 495.

Friedreich, J. B. Geschichte des Rätsels. Dresden, 1860. 8vo, pp. viii, 248.

Führer, A. Sanskritische Rätsel. Zeitschrift der Deutsch. Morganländer Gesel. 1885. pp. 99–102.

Haug. Vedische Rätselfragen und Rätselspruche. Trans. Munich Academy, 1875.

Krauss, F. S. Allegemeine Methodik d. Volkskunde 1891–97, p. 112. Page 23

Korean Conundrums. Korean Review. Seoul; 1906. pp. 59–60.

Lakshminatha upasaru. Collection of Riddles. Patna, 1888. 32mo, pp. 32.

Ludwig. Der Rig Veda. iii. pp. 390.

Mitra. Sarat Chandra. Riddles current in Bihar. Journal Asiatic Society, 1901, 8vo, pp. 33–58.

Petsch, R. Studien über das Volksrätsel. Berlin. 1898, 8vo, pp. 139.

Phillott, D. C. Persian Riddles. Calcutta, 1906. Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal, pp. 86–94.

Rizal, J. Specimens of Tagal Folk-Lore. London, 1889, Trubner's Record, pp. 45–46.

Sibree, Jr., J. The Oratory, Songs, Legends and Folk-Tales of the Malagasy. London, 1883, Folk-Lore Journal, pp. 38–40.

Two Gypsy Riddles. Journal Gypsy Folk-Lore Society, 1907, pp. 92.

Wagner, P. Some Kolarian Riddles. Calcutta, 1904. Journal Asiatic Society of Bengal, pp. 62–79.

Filipino Riddles

Animals: mammals.

1

Ania iti pinarsua iti Dios a balin suec a maturog?

(Iloc.) Panniqui

What thing that God made sleeps with its head down?

Bat

2

Pantas ca man, at marunong bumasa at sumulat, aling ibon dito sa mundo ang lumilipad ay sumususo ang anak?

(Tag.) Kabag

Although you are wise and know how to read and write, which bird in this world flies and yet suckles its young?

Bat

3

Uppat iti adiguina, maysa iti baotna, dua iti paypayna, dua iti boneng.

(Iloc.) Carabao

Four posts, one whip, two fans, and two bolos.

Carabao Page 25

4

Apat na tukod langit at isang pang hagupit.

(Tag.) Kalabao

Four earth posts, two air posts and whip.

Carabao

5

Saquey so torutoro duaray quepay-quepay a patiray mansobsoblay.

(Pang.) Dueg

One pointing, two moving, four changing.

Carabao

The head points, the ears move, the legs change position.

6

Nu mat-tut-lud ay atanang udde; nu mat-tadag ay ibbafa.

(Gad.) Atu

If he sits down he is high; if he stands up he is low.

Dog

7

Adda maysa nga parsua ni Apo Dios nga adda uppat a sacana, ipusna quen maysa nga ulona nga aoan ti imana.

(Iloc.) Caballo

There is one creature of our Lord God which has four legs and a tail and one head; but it has no arms.

Horse Page 26

8

Carga nang carga ay ualang upa.

(Tag.) Babuy

Always working and no pay.

The pig

He is ever eating garbage and waste.

9

Eto na si “Nuno,” may sunong na guinto.

(Tag.) Babuy

Here comes “Nuno” with gold on his head.

Pig

The pig is a constant scavenger and frequents the space below latrines and privies; it is a common thing that his snout is yellow as result of his search.

10

Magmagna ni inam sangsangitam.

(Iloc.) Burias

While the mother is walking the child is crying.

A little pig

11

Adda maysa nga lacay gomogoyod ti oay.

(Iloc.) Bao

There is an old man, who always drags rattan.

Rat

i.e. his tail. Page 27

12

Kahoy cong Marigundong, na sangay ualang dahon.

(Tag.) Sungay

My tree in Marigundong (town in Cavite) has branches but no leaves.

Horn

The branching horn of a deer.

13

Maco ca quian, yacu naman ing quian.

(Pamp.) Ding bitis daring animal a tiapat a bitis nung lalacad ya.

Away! let me have your place.

The forward legs of an animal

The hind feet tread in the prints of the forefeet.

Bell.

14

Nang hataken co ang baging nagkagulo ang matsing.

(Tag.) Batingao

When I pulled the vine the monkeys came around.

Bell

15

Tinugtog co ang bangca nagsilapit ang isda.

(Tag.) Campana sa misa Page 28

I rang the banca and the fishes came.

Bell

Banca is the canoe or boat; to strike it as with the pole is to ring it. People called to mass by the ringing bell are likened to fishes.

16

Togtoquec ti teppang agarayat ti bagsang

(Iloc.) Campana

I strike upon the washout and the bagsang come for help.

Bell

The curved side of the bell is compared to a washed out slope or curve of the bank; the bagsang are small fishes; the bell is the church bell—the little fishes are the people.

17

Otin nen laquic Tapal ni baleuet ed corral manaquis, ya agnaecal.

(Pang.) Campana

Tapal's ——— hanging within the corral is crying to get out.

Bell

Tapal is a nickname for an old man.

Betel.

18

Adda tallo nga babbalasang quet no mapanda maquimisa; iti caoes ti maysa ata berde, quet dadiay maysa Page 29ata porao, quen dadiay maysa ata lomabaga; quet norommuardan ata malabaga amin iti caoesdan.

(Iloc.) Mamabuyo

There are three ladies who went to mass; the dress of one was green, of another white, of the other red; when they came out together the dresses of all were red.

Betel

19

Nasatiyan pa nang kanyang ina, kinuha at pinapagasawa.

(Tag.) Ang bungang isinasama sa itso

Still in his mother's body was taken and made to marry.

Betel

The areca nut is first taken out of its covering before being united with the betel leaf and lime.

20

Bulong tiptipparo; puso balasang baro.

(Iloc.) Mama

A tiptipparo leaf; the heart, a young man and a young woman.

Betel

21

Papel a berde sinoratac ti purao Page 30quet intedco iti sangaili dina insubli.

(Iloc.) Gaoed

I wrote a green paper with white: I gave it to my visitor and he did not return it.

Betel-leaf

White lime is smeared upon the green leaf, which is then used to enwrap a bit of areca nut for chewing.

Birds.

22

Nagcapa dimet nagpadi; Nagcorona dimet nagari.

(Iloc.) Manoc

Gown but not priest; crown but not king.

Cock

23

Nancorona agimiet ari; nan capa agmuet pari.

(Pang.) Manoc

The king's crown but not king; the priest's cope, but not priest.

Cock

24

Ania ti pinarsua ni Apo Dios nga ag-gungon ti maquimbaba quet agpidot ti maquin ngato?

(Iloc.) Manoc

What thing that Lord God made Page 31sifts below and picks up above?

Fowl

25

Dinay pinalsay Dios ya managtay carne?

(Pang.) Manoc

What creature of God is with meat on its head?

Cock

26

Ania a parsuo ni Apo Dios ti nagsusoon ti carne nga aoan ti imana?

(Iloc.) Tapingar

What creature of our Lord God carries meat but has no hands?

Cock

The meat is the cock's comb.

27

Uyana-uyana mamuntuk yang baya!

(Pamp.) Manuc

Here he comes with glowing charcoal on his head!

A cock

28

No umayac idiay balayo agtuptupuaccayo.

(Iloc.) Manoc

If I come to your house you will jump away.

Fowl

Boats.

29

Ania ti pinarsua ni Apo Dios nga Page 32ipagnana ti bocotna?

(Iloc.) Baloto

What creature made by Lord God walks on its back?

Boat

30

Oalay asoc ya quisquis no onbatic tirakiang.

(Pang.) Baloto

I have a hairless dog, who goes belly upward.

Boat

31

Naligo ang capitan hindi nabasa ang tian.

(Tag.) Banca

The captain took a bath without his belly getting wet.

Banca

32

Adda impatacderco a caoayan no agbolong intan.

(Iloc.) Parao

I set up a bambu; if it leafs out we shall go.

Prao

The bambu set up is the mast; the leaf is the sail.

33

Nano nga cahoy nga con may dahon may gamut, pero eon ua-ay gani dahon ua-ay man sing gamut?

(Bis.) Parao

What tree is it, that when it has Page 33leaves it also has roots, but when it has no leaves it also has no roots?

Parao

Sail, rudder and oars.

34

Nagalacat nagahayang.

(Bis.) Sacayan

He walks with his back.

A ship

35

Manica maco tana,
tipa ca queti tana.

(Pamp.) Ancla

Come up and let us go, go down and here we stay.

Anchor