Gradient Resistance

Introduction:
                The gradient resistance or downhill force relates to the slope descending force and is calculated from the weight acting at the center of gravity.

 

 

Gradient resistance:
                                               

FSt =mF g sinαSt
 

The road gradient q is defined as the quotient of the vertical and horizontal projections of the roadway. When designing roads, gradients of more than 7% are normally avoided.

SinαSt ≈ tanαSt = q/100

• Except in extreme cases, the following approximation is valid:

 

 

 

 Fig: Forces acting on the vehicle travelling uphill