Closed-loop Control Versus Open-loop Control

Closed-loop control versus open-loop control:

 

 

Fig 1: Open loop control system

 

 

 

Fig: 2 Closed loop control system

 

 

Closed-loop versus open-loop control systems. An advantage of the closed loop control system is the fact that the use of feedback makes the system response relatively insensitive to external disturbances and internal variations in system parameters.

It is thus possible to use relatively inaccurate and inexpensive components to obtain the accurate control of a given plant, whereas doing so is impossible in the open-loop case.

From the point of view of stability, the open-loop control system is easier to build because system stability is not a major problem. On the other hand, stability is a major problem in the closed-loop control system, which may tend to overcorrect errors that can cause oscillations of constant or changing amplitude.

 It should be emphasized that for systems in which the inputs are known ahead of time and in which there are no disturbances it is advisable to use open-loop control.

Closed-loop control systems have advantages only when unpredictable disturbances and/or unpredictable variations in system components are present. Note that the output power rating partially determines the cost, weight, and size of a control system.

The number of components used in a closed-loop control system is more than that for a corresponding open-loop control system. Thus, the closed-loop control system is generally higher in cost and power. To decrease the required power of a system, open-loop control may be used where applicable.

 A proper combination of open-loop and closed-loop controls is usually less expensive and will give satisfactory overall system performance.