Myths and Legends of China

A

A Zie. In Miao legend of the creation, 407408

Absolute. Of Lieh Tzŭ, 9091

Accessory Institutions, 3738; education, 3738

Address, Forms of, 42

Administration. General, 28 sq.; in Feudal Period, 2829; in Monarchical Period, 29; in Republican Period, 30

Æsthetic Products, 59

Age for Marriage, 23

Agents. The Three, 125; the Three Great Emperor Agents, 125; the Three Supreme Agents, 125

Agnosticism. Confucius and, 8889

Agriculture, 49 sq.; Ministry of, 50

Agriculturists. Nung; the second class of the people, 28

Air. Sovereign of the Eastern, 136137; sovereign of the Western, 137

Akkadia. Supposed origin of the Chinese in, 13, 15, 17

All Souls’ Day. Festival of (Mid-autumn Festival), 35, 4445

Alligator, The Spiritual, 223224

Amita, Amida. O-mi-t’o Fo; Buddha, 119, 120 Page 428

Amitabha. See Amita

An-kung. God of Sailors, 165

Ancestor-worship. The origin of Chinese religion, 52; by rulers, 94; ordinary, 100; and Buddhism, 118

Ao. A sea-monster; raises the scholar K’uei on its back, 106

Ao Ch’in. A Dragon-king; and the Eight Immortals, 214 sq.

Ao Ping. Third son of Lung Wang, 308309

Aquila. Star; legend regarding Vega and, 189 sq.

Archer, The Divine, 180 sq.

Armless People. Legend of the, 388

Artisans. Kung; the third class of the people, 28

Arts, 49

Astrological Superstitions, 176

Asuras. Buddhist demons; enemies of Dêvas, 198

August. The Pure August One; Yü Huang, 130

B

Barge of Mercy, Taoist, 160

Beards. Little worn, 47

Beginning. Of Form, 90; of Pneuma, 90; the Great, 90; of Substance, 90

Bell, Casting of the Great. Legend of, 394 sq.

Bezoar. See Niu Huang

Bible. Parallelisms of, with Chinese religious and mythological beliefs, 79 n.

Biographies of the Gods.” Shên hsien chuan, by Ko Hung, 79

Bird. Of Dawn, 186187; the one-legged, 206

Birth of the Soul, 93

Blackwater River, Demons of. In the Hsi yu chi, 352

Blank, The Great, 90

Blower. See Ch’ên Ch’i

Blue Dragon. Ch’ing Lung; spirit of the Blue Dragon Star; guardian of Taoist temple gates, 146 sq.

Blue River. Hsüan Chuang exposed in, as an infant, 337

Book of Ceremonial.” Li chi, 103

Book of History,” 84

Brothers, The Three Musical, 151

Buddha. Ju Lai, 78; and the Law and the Priesthood, 119; Tathagata, 119; Fo Pao, one of the San Pao, 119; Shâkyamuni, 119; Yüeh-shih Fo, the Master-Physician, 120; Miao Shan (Kuan Yin) becomes a, 271; his jumping competition with Sun Hou-tzŭ, 332333

Buddhism. As a Chinese religion, 53; effect on mythology, 6263; one of the three religions, 100; brought to China, 118; Mahayanistic form of, 118; origin in ancestor-worship, 118; and Taoism, 118; and Confucianism, 118; Buddha, the Law, and the Priesthood, 119

Buddhist-s. Account of P’an Ku, 77; guardians of temple gates, 146; evil dragons, 208; number of dragons, 209; saviour of the Buddhists in Slow-carts Country, 353 sq.

Buffalo. Of T’ung-t’ien Chiao-chu, 133134

Burial, Methods of, 39 sq.

Bushel Mother. See Tou Mu

Butterfly. Chuang Tzŭ and the, 91 and n., 148149

C

Canon of Changes.” See I Ching

Capture, Marriage By, 22

Carp. Ch’ên Kuang-jui and the released, 336, 339340

Cart, Land of the Flying, 391

Cask of Pearls. Wang Tan and the, 131132

Cause-s. First, Yüan-shih T’ien-tsun, 127; Superior, Medium, and Inferior, 126; the Three, 125 sq.

Celestial Ministries, 9899, 164

Cemeteries, Chinese, 41

Ceremonial Institutions. Changes in marriage ceremonial, 2425; exacting nature of funeral rites, 41; codes of ceremonial, 42 Page 429

Ch’an-yü. Daughter of Têng Chiu-kung; helps her father, 147; marries T’u Hsing-sun, 147

Chang Fei. Chang I Tê, the meat-seller; and Kuan Yü, 114 sq.

Chang Hsien. The patron of child-bearing women, 177 sq.; shoots the Heavenly Dog, 177178; spirit of the star Chang, 178179; origin of worship of, 178

Chang I Tê. See Chang Fei

Chang Kuei-fang. Defeated by No-cha, 153154

Chang Kuo. One of the Eight Immortals, 288, 303; legend of, 294295

Chang Lao. The old priest who rescued the infant son of Ch’ên Kuang-jui, 337338

Ch’ang Ô, or Hêng Ô. Called T’ai-yin Huang-chün and Yüeh-fu Ch’ang Ô; the younger sister of the Spirit of the Waters, 179 sq.; Shên I marries, 182; eats pill of immortality, 184185; flies to the moon, 185; and the white rabbit, 185; changed to a toad, 176, 188

Chang Shao. His fight with Nan-chi Hsien-wêng, 158159; defeated by White Crane Youth, 159

Chang Tao-ling. The first Taiost pope, 138 sq.; finds ancient writings, 138139; founder of modern Taoism, 139; and pills of immortality, 139, 140; and talismans, 139; a ‘rice-thief,’ 139; his disciple, Wang Ch’ang, 140, 141, 216; Chao Shêng plucks the peaches for, 140141; the Heavenly Teacher, 141; Vicegerent of Pearly Emperor, 141; Commander-in-Chief of the hosts of Taoism, 141; his descendants, 142; and the dragon, 216217; and the Spirits of the Well, 216217; and the hunter, 217

Chang T’ien-shih. Master of the Taoists; Emperor Li Shih-min and, 243 sq.; causes death of the five graduates, 244; gives magic objects to graduates, 245

Chang Ya. The God of Tzŭ T’ung 104 sq.

Change, The Great, 90

Changes, The Canon of.” See I Ching

Chao Chên. Minister to Miao Chuang, 253, 257, 277, 279280, 283; becomes Emperor, 285

Chao K’uei. Marries Miao Ch’ing, 258; conspires against Miao Chuang, 277 sq.

Chao Kung-ming. See Ts’ai Shên

Chao Shêng. Plucks the peaches, 140141

Ch’ao Tu. A watchman; Li T’ieh-kuai and, 291

Chao Yen. His connexion with Shou Hsing, 172

Chaos. Evolution of, and i tu, 9091

Characteristics. Emotional, intellectual, and physical, of the Chinese, 2122

Charms. Use of, prevalent, 54

Ch’ê. And the fox, 379 sq.

Ch’ên. The Officials; the first class of the people, 28

Ch’ên. A Buddhist nun; collects subscriptions for casting an image of Buddha; and the maniac’s mite, 401402

Chên, Mr. A fox; and Chia Tzŭ-lung, 381 sq.

Ch’ên Kuang-jui. A graduate of Hai Chou, 336; appointed Governor of Chiang Chou, 336; and the released carp, 336, 339340; murder of, by Liu Hung, 337; his infant son exposed on the Blue River, 337; his murderer executed, 339; saved by Lung Wang, 339340; is reunited with his family, 340. See also Hsüan Chuang

Ch’ên Ch’i, or Ha. The Blower, 145; his battle with the Snorter, 145146; speared by Huang Fei-hu, 146; canonized, 146; appointed guardian of Buddhist temple gates, 146; overthrows Têng Chiu-kung, 148

Chên-jên. The Perfect Man, or Hero, 125, 135136

Chên-shui T’a. See Yü Ch’üan Shan T’a Page 430

Chêng Chêng-ch’ang. Choir-mistress in Nunnery of the White Bird, 261, 263264

Chêng Lung, or Hêng. The Snorter, 145; instructed by Tu Ô, 145; his battle with the Blower, 145146; killed by Chin Ta-shêng, 146; canonized, 146; appointed guardian of the Buddhist temple gates, 146

Ch’êng Tsung. Emperor; and the San Yüan, 127; and Yü Huang, 130131; and the casket of pearls, 131132

Ch’êng-huang, God of the City, 165166, 402 sq.

Ch’i. Pneuma, 90; Primary Matter, 86; Chu Tzŭ and, 87; tao and, 88

Chi Chou. The early seat of Chinese sovereignty, 82

Chia Tzŭ-lung. And Mr Chên, a fox, 381 sq.

Chiang Chou. Ch’ên Kuang-jui appointed Governor of, 336

Chiang Shang. See Chiang Tzŭ-ya

Chiang Tzŭ-ya. His name Chiang Shang, but known as Lü Shang, famous generalissimo, 122, 152 sq.; canonizes Hêng and Ha, 146; and Têng Chiu-kung, 147148; and Chü Liu-sun, 147; and Yin Ch’êng-hsiu, 148; and battle of Mu Yeh, 152153; transfers services to Chou, 152; and Wu Wang, 153, 154; and No-cha, 153154; goes to K’un-lun, 154; receives List of Promotions to Immortals from Yüan-shih, 154; disobeys Yüan-shih’s commands, 155; tempted by Shên Kung-pao, 155; compact with Shên Kung-pao, 155; assisted by Ancient Immortal of the South Pole against Shên Kung-pao, 156157; intercedes for Shên Kung-pao, 157; builds the Fêng Shên T’ai, 157; in battle with Wên Chung, 158 sq.; wounds Wên Chung, 160; his encounter with Ch’ien-li Yen and Shun-fêng Êrh, 162 sq.; causes death of Chao Kung-ming, 170171; confers appanage of the twenty-eight constellations on T’ung-t’ien Chiao-chu and his followers, 191192; and T’ai Sui, 196; and Lei Tsu, 199; and Lü Yüeh, 241

Chieh-yin Tao-jên. Fights with T’ung-t’ien Chiao-chu, 321

Ch’ien-li Yen, or Kao Ming. Thousand-li Eye, 161 sq.; general of tyrant Chou, 161162; encounters with No-cha, Yang Chien, Chiang Tzŭ-ya, Li Ching, and Lei Chên-tzŭ, 162 sq.; defeated, 163164; searches for heir to Miao Chuang, 254255

Ch’ien-t’ang. Chief God of Rivers, 218219

Chih. See Substance

Ch’ih Ching-tzŭ. Seeks Yüan-shih T’ien-wang, 129; defeats Wên Chung, 161; an alleged discoverer of fire, 199; fights Wên Chung, 199; personification of fire, 237

Ch’ih Sung-tzŭ. See Yü Shih

Ch’ih Ti. See Chu Jung

Ch’ih-chiang Tzŭ-yü. Visits Ô-mei Shan, 179; on the steep summit, 180; instructed in the doctrine of immortality, 186; a skilful archer, 180 sq.; named Shên I; his adventures as Shên I—see Shên I

Children. Position of, in China, 2526

Ch’in. The feudal state which subjugated the other states and established the monarchy, 27

Chin Chia. ‘Mr Golden Cuirass’; protector of scholars, 112113

Chin Hung. God of T’ai Shan; and Yüan-shih T’ien-wang, 128129

Chin Mu. Shên I builds a palace for, 183184; gives Shên I pill of immortality, 184

Ch’in Shih Huang-ti. The First Emperor; and the dragon, 212 sq.

Ch’in Shu-pao. A Door-god, 173174. See Mên Shên

Chin Ta-shêng. ‘Golden Big Pint,’ an ox-spirit; kills the Snorter, 146; and niu huang, or bezoar, 146

Chin-cha. See Li Chin-cha

Chin-kang. The Four Diamond Kings of Heaven; governors of the four continents surrounding Page 431Mount Sumêru, 120 sq.; reflected in Taoist Kings of Heaven, 142

China. Extent in early times, 17, 18; physical features of, 1819; Manchu conquest of, 18, 28; vegetable products of, 1920; animals of, 20; Mongol rule over, 21; intercourse with other countries, 21; origin of name, 27; conquered by the Tartars, 2728; government of, 28 sq.; Republican, 30, 3132, 36; laws of, 30 sq.; local government of, 32; military and naval system of, 32 sq.; ecclesiastical institutions, 34 sq.; professional institutions, 36; accessory institutions, 37; industrial institutions, 47 sq.; agriculture in, 49 sq.; gods of, 93 sq.; Buddhism brought to, 118; prevalence of smallpox in, 246247

Chinese. Theories of origin of, 13 sq.; problem of sources of civilization of, 17; district occupied by early, 17, 18; cause of difference between, of North and South, 17; physical, emotional, and intellectual characteristics, 2122; domestic institutions, 22 sq., 4748; expansion of Empire, 2728; mutilations practised by, 3839; funeral rites of, 39 sq.; laws of intercourse, 42; habits and customs, 43; sports and games, 45; arts, 49; sentiments and moral ideas, 5152; religious ideas, 5253; superstitions, 5354; knowledge, 54 sq.; language, 5657; achievements, 57 sq.; intellect and mythology, 61; rigidity of their mythology, 61, 6364; character of mythology of, 67; sources of mythology of, 69 sq.; religion, 97; myths of—see Mythology

Ching Tê. In legend of Yü Huang, 132133

Chisel-tooth. A strange man of the South; a criminal, 184; killed by Shên I, 184

Ch’iung Hsiao. A goddess; assists the house of Chou with magic weapons, 158

Chou. Colonies of early Chinese established among the aborigines, 27

Chou Dynasty. No-cha and, 146; helped by Chiang Tzŭ-ya, 152 sq.

Chou Hsin. The Ch’êng-huang of Hangchou, 166

Chou Tun-i. See Chou Tzŭ

Chou Tzŭ, or Chou Tun-i. Philosopher; author of T’ai chi t’u shu, 86, 87

Chou Wang. Tyrant king of Yin; his battles with Wu Wang, 133134

Chou-pien. In legend of Ch’un-yü Fên, 413414, 415416, 419

Ch’u Chieh. General of Miao Chuang, 253

Chu Fu Tzŭ. See Chu Tzŭ

Chu Hsi. See Chu Tzŭ

Chu I. ‘Mr Redcoat’; purveyor of official posts, 110 sq.

Chu Jung. The Red (Fire) Emperor, Ch’ih Ti; a minister of Huang Ti, 81; victorious over Kung Kung, 81; legend of, 237 sq.; becomes emperor, 238; defeats Hui Lu, 239

Chü Liu-sun. A magic-master; and Chiang Tzŭ-ya, 147

Chu Pa-chieh. The Pig Fairy in the Hsi yu chi, 326; half man, half pig, 335; Mao Êrh-chieh and, 335; Kuan Yin and, 335; is made a priest and receives religious name of Chu Wu-nêng, 335; journeys with the Master, 341 sq.; and the widow and her daughters, 342 sq.; carried away to the Lotus Cave, 345 sq.; his reward, 368

Chu Tzŭ, Chu Hsi, or Chu Fu Tzŭ. Historian and Confucian commentator, 85, 8687; monistic philosophy of, 8687

Ch’u Wang-sun. Chuang Chou as, 149150

Chu Wu-nêng. See Chu Pa-chieh

Ch’ü Yüan. Statesman-poet; drowns himself in Mi-lo River, 152

Chu-ti, Prince. Founder of Peking, 228 sq.; son of Emperor Hung Wu, 228; and the sealed packet, 228, 229 sq.; begins to build city, 230; and the dragons, 232 sq. Page 432

Chuang Chou. See Chuang Tzŭ