P
Pa Hsien. The Eight Immortals venerated by the Taoist sect; and the Dragon-king Ao Ch’in, 214 sq.; and Ao Ch’in’s son, 215; favourite subjects of romance and frequently represented, 288; term used figuratively for happiness, 288; legend of, probably belongs to Yüan dynasty, 288; Li T’ieh-kuai, 289 sq.; Chung-li Ch’üan, 291–292, 297–298; Lan Ts’ai-ho, 293; Chang Kuo, 294–295; Ho Hsien-ku, 296–297; Lü Tung-pin, 297 sq.; Han Hsiang Tzŭ, 299–300; Ts’ao Kuo-chiu, 300 sq.; legend of the Eight Immortals crossing the sea, 303–304
Pa Kua. The Eight Trigrams; Wên Wang uses, to divine the flesh of his son, 193; discovered by Fu Hsi, 247–248
Pa-ch’a. God of Grasshoppers, 165
Pagoda-bearer, The. Li Ching, 237, 305 sq.
Pai Ma. The White Horse of the Hsi yu chi; Sun Hou-tzŭ and, 340; son of Dragon-king of the Western Sea, 340–341; Kuan Yin and, 340–341; changed into a horse, 341; journeys with the Master to the Western Paradise, 341 sq.; bearer of the sacred books, 341; Temple of the White Horse, 341; his reward, 368
Palace. Of God of Literature, 106; of Hsi Wang Mu, 137; Shên I builds, for Chin Mu, 183–184; of the sun, conferred on Shên I, 185–186
P’an Ku. Mythical being, alleged first development out of Chaos and fashioner of the universe, the Chinese Adam; myths of, 76 sq.; creator of the universe, 76 sq.; origin of, 76; meaning of name, 76; representations of, 76; death of, 77; and the sun, 77–78; and the moon, 77–78; with head of a dragon, 78; with body of a serpent, 78; Ymer and, 79; a late creation, 79–80; date of legend of, 92; Yüan-shih T’ien-wang an avatar of, 128 sq.; and T’ai Yüan, 129–130; a God of Medicine, 247
P’an Kuan. God of Exorcism, 248; administrator of the infernal regions, 248, 268, 274
P’an-t’ao Hui. Feast of Peaches, 137–138
Pao Lao-yeh. Imperial Censor; and Ts’ao Ching-chih and Ts’ao Ching-hsiu, 302–303
Pao Shu. Kuan Chung and, the Chinese types of friendship, 383 and n.
Pao Tê. Maiden name Po Ya; Queen of Miao Chuang, 253 sq.; canonized, 287 Page 545
Pao Yüeh. In legend of Yü Huang, 132–133
Pastors. Also called Lord-Lieutenants; the chief of the nobles in a province, 29
Patriarch-s. Of Buddhism, 120; T’ung-t’ien Chiao-chu, 133, 191
Peaches. Feast of, 137–138; Chang Tao-ling and the plucking of the, 140–141
Peach-orchard, The Oath in the, 114 sq.
Pearl, The Intelligent. See Li No-cha
Pearly Emperor. Yü Huang; Chang Tao-ling Vicegerent of, 141
Peking. Capital of China; Shun-t’ien Fu, originally Yu Chou; Pei-p’ing Fu in T’ang dynasty; legend of the building of, 227 sq.; Prince Chu-ti and, 228 sq.; Liu Po-wên and the founding of, 228 sq.; to be called No-cha Ch’êng, 229; description of, 230–231; prosperity of, 231–232; the dragons and the drought in, 232 sq.
People, Four Classes of the, 28
Perfect Man. See Chên-jên
Period of the Warring States. Mythology in, 72
“Permutations, Book of.” See I Ching
Pestilence. Demons of, subdued by the three musical brothers, 151
Pets. Kinds kept, 47
Philosophers. Of the Sung Period, and mythology, 73; apotheosized, 148
Philosophy. Effect of Chinese, on mythology, 423
Pi Fang. Mysterious bird belonging to Hui Lu, 239
Pi Hsiang-yang. Attacks Han Chih-hsien, 159
Pi Hsiao. Sister of Ch’iung Hsiao; killed by Yüan-shih, 158
P’i-lu Fo. See P’i-lu Hsien and Vairotchana
P’i-lu Hsien, or P’i-lu Fo. An Immortal; and Chun T’i, 324; becomes a Buddha, 324
Piao. See Shao
Pig Fairy of the “Hsi Yu Chi,” 326 sq.
Pills of Immortality. And vital force, 135; Chang Tao-ling and, 139, 140; Shên I and, 184–185; Hêng Ô and, 184–185
Pitch-pot. A game, 45
Planet-s. Influence terrestrial events, 176; abodes of stellar divinities, 192; Jupiter and T’ai Sui, 194
Pneuma. Ch’i; one of the elements of creation, 90
P’o Chia. Name of King Miao Chuang, 253
Po I-k’ao. Stellar deity of Tzŭ-wei constellation, 192; eldest son of Wên Wang, 192; and Ta Chi, 192–193; canonized, 194
Po Shih. And legend of Ch’in Shin Huang-ti’s visit to the Spirit of the Sea, 212 sq.
Po Ya. Maiden name of Pao Tê, 253
Pole, Pivot of the. Tou Shu; a palace, 144
Political History. Summary of, 27–28
Polyandry, 23
Polydemonism. Great extent of, 93
Polytheism. Great extent of, 93–94, 174–175
Pootoo Island. See P’u T’o Island
Population. In early times, 27; in Manchu Period, 28
Presents. Ceremonial governing giving of, 42
Priest-s. Wu, or exorcists, 34–35; first, 34; king as high, 34; held in low esteem, 36
Priesthood. In Buddhism, 119
Primary Matter. See Ch’i
Princes of States, 29
Princess of the Golden Stem. Ch’un-yü Fên marries, 412 sq.
Products. Processes of production, 48; habitations, 57–58; food, 58; clothing, 58; land-works, 58–59; implements and weapons, 59; æsthetic products, 59
Professional Institutions, 36
Prostitution, 24
Provinces. Administrative divisions of the country, 28–29
P’u-t’i Tsu-shih. Immortal; becomes master of Sun Hou-tzŭ, 327 Page 546
P’u T’o Island, or Pootoo. Throne of Kuan Yin on, 252; Miao Shan goes to, 270
Punctured Bodies. Legend of People of the, 390
Punishments. Nature of legal, 30; lex talionis, 30; codes of, 30 sq.; changes made by Provisional Criminal Code, 31–32; of the gods, 99
Q
R
Rain. Myths of, 205 sq.; the Master of, 205–206 Red Child Demon. In Hsi yu chi, 350 sq., 359
Red Country. See Ssŭ Ha Li Kuo
Red Sand Battle, 158 sq.
Redcoat, Mr. Purveyor of official posts; companion of Wên Ch’ang, 110 sq.
Reincarnation. Of Chuang Chou, 149
Religious Ideas. Nature of Chinese,52; Confucianism, 52, 53; State religion, 52; Taoism, 52–53; Buddhism, 53; influence of, on mythology, 62—63; Chinese religion not a monotheism, 97; the Three Religions, 99 sq.; of the learned, 102
Republic. Races represented in flag of, 28
Republican Period. Marriage in, 24–25; administrative system in, 30
Revenue. Whence derived, 29
River-s. Ch’ien-t’ang, chief God of, 218–219; marriage of River-god, 225 sq.
Rope, The Magic, 348
S
Sacrifice-s. To Shang Ti, 95; to T’ai Sui, 194. See also Fêng-shan
Saint-s. See Shêng-jên
S’âkyamuni, See Shâkyamuni
Samgha. Sêng Pao; the Priesthood in Buddhism, 119
San Ch’ing. The three Heavens of Taoism, 124–125
San Kuan. The Three Agents,125; San Kuan Ta Ti, 125; T’ai Shang San Kuan, 125; sons of Dragon-king’s daughters, 126
“San Kuo Chih,” The Story of the Three Kingdoms; an historical romance, 117 sq.
San Pao. The Three Precious Things, or Treasures—Buddha, the Law, and the Priesthood, 119
San Yüan. The Three Origins,125; and the divisions of the year, 126; ‘the Three True Sovereigns, Guests of the Kingdom of Wu,’ 127
Scholars. Shih; the first class of the people, 28
Schools. See Accessory Institutions
Sciences, Little cultivated until modern times, 54 sq.
Sea. Dragon-kings of the, 210–211, 212; Yang Hou, Spirit of the, 212 sq.; legend of the Eight Immortals crossing the, 303–304
Seasons. Festivals of the, 44
Second Self. And worship of the living, 101, See also Other Self
Sêng Pao. Samgha; the Priesthood or Church, one of the San Pao of Buddhism, 119
Sentiments, Æsthetic and Moral, 51–52
Sha Ho-shang, or Sha Wu-ching. A priest in the Hsi yu chi, 326; and Kuan Yin, 3341 baggage coolie to Hsian Chuang, 334–335; journeys with the Master, 341 sq.; his reward, 368
Sha Wu-ching. See Sha Ho-shang
Shakya, or S’âkya. Same as S’âkyamuni Buddha, Shih-chia Fo, Gautama, 119. See Shâkyamuni
Shâkyamuni, S’âkyamuni, or Shih-chia Fo. The name used in Chinese literature for Gautama Buddha, 119; and Kuan Yin, 251 Page 447
“Shan Hai Ching.” The Hill and River Classic, 386
Shan Ts’ai. And Miao Shan, 271 sq.; his fidelity tested, 272 sq.; transformation of, 273; canonized, 287
Shang. The Merchants; the fourth class of the people, 28
Shang Ti. The Supreme Ruler, 94; and Ti, 94; worship of, 94–95; sacrifices to, 95; confused with T’ien, 96–97; confers on Chuang Chou the kingdom of Jupiter, 150
Shang Yang. Legend of the, 206–207
Shao, or Piao. Part of the constellation of the Great Bear, 106
Shê-chi. Gods of the Soil and Crops, 165
Shê-mo Wang. Gods of Serpents, 165
Shên. Name for gods, 103
Shên Chên-jên. And T’ai Sui, 195
“Shên Hsien Chuan.” Biographies of the Gods, by Ko Hung, 79
Shên I. The Divine Archer Ch’ih-chiang Tzŭ-yü, 180–181 and the Emperor Yao, 180 sq. and Fei Lien, 181, 204–205; shoots the nine false suns, 181–182; marries the sister of the Water-spirit, 182; canonized, 183; builds a palace for Chin Mu, 183–184; and the pill of immortality, 184–185; kills Chisel-tooth, 184; receives the sun-palace, 185–186; and the Bird of Dawn, 186–187; visits the moon, 187–188
Shên Kung-pao. Meets Chiang Tzŭ-ya, 155; tempts Chiang Tzŭ-ya to desert Chou, 155; his power to separate his head from his body, 155; discards his head, 156; his head taken by Ancient Immortal of the South Pole, 156–157; obtains his head again, 157
Shên Lang. Hsü Chên-chün and, 223–224
Shên Nung, or Ti Huang Shih. A legendary emperor, 81, 247; and T’ai I, 143; as God of Agriculture, 143, 165, 239; as God of Fire (Huo Ti, Yen Ti), 239; as God of Medicine, 247
Shên Pao, or Lao Tzŭ. Third person of Taoist triad, 125
Shên Shih. The Gentry; a social division, 28
Shên Shu. A Door-god, 173. See Mên Shên
Shêng-jên. Superhuman beings, saints, 125, 136
Shih. Officers, later Scholars; the first class of the people, 28
Shih Chin. Second son of Shih Ch’in-ch’ang, 255
Shih Ch’in-ch’ang. Father of the sons reborn as daughters of Queen Po Ya, 255
Shih Shan. Third son of Shih Ch’in-ch’ang, 255
Shih Wên. Eldest son of Shih Ch’in-ch’ang, 255
Shih-chi Niang-niang. And No-cha, 312–313
Shih-chia Fo. See Shâkyamuni
Shou Hsing, or Hsien Wêng. The God of Longevity, 165, 171–172; at first a stellar deity, 171–172; as an old man, 172; legend of, 172; and the Eight Immortals, 214; and Chu Jung, 238
Shu Yü. See Mên Shên
Shui. Water; and deliverance from evil, 125–126
Shui Kuan. Ruler of the Watery Elements, 216
Shui-mu Niang-niang. Old Mother of the Waters; legend of, 220 sq.; and Sun Hou-tzŭ, 221–222; and Kuan Yin, 221–222
Shun. Successor of the great Emperor Yao; with Yao and Yü as the Three Origins, 126–127
Shun-fêng Êrh, or Kao Chio. Favourable-wind Ear, 161 sq.; general of tyrant Chou, 161–162; encounters with No-cha, Yang Chien, Chiang Tzŭ-ya, Li Ching, and Lei Chên-tzŭ, 162 sq.; defeat of, 163–164; searches for heir to Miao Chuang, 254–255
Silkworms, Goddess of, 169
Sin. By the gods, 99
Sinkiang. The New Territory, or Eastern Turkestan; a dependency of China, 27
Six-toed People, 389 Page 448
Slavery. Unknown in early times, recognized in Monarchical Period, 48
Slow-carts Country. In Hsi yu chi, 352 sq.
Smallpox. God of, 175; Ministry of, 246–247; prevalence of, in China, 246–247
Snake, The Jointed. Legend of, 393
Snuff. Use of, 47
Snorter. See Chêng Lung
Social Intercourse, Laws of. Ceremonial observances, 42–43; ranks, how distinguished, 42; visits, 42; forms of address, 42; presents, 42; a source of misunderstanding between East and West, 42–43
Sociological Environment, 20–21
Soil, Gods of the, 165
Solitary Indeterminate. See I Tu
Solstices. Festivals of the, 44
Sombre Youth. See Heaven-deaf
Soul. Recalling the, 39–40; birth of the, 93
Soul-tablet, 40
“South Branch, Dream of the.” Nan k’o mêng; story of, 410 sq.
Sovereign-s. The Three True— see San Yüan; of the Eastern Air, 136–137; of the Western Air, 137; the nine Human—see Jên Huang
Spiders. Sun Hou-tzŭ and the, 364
Spine, Deformed in infancy to produce a scholarly stoop, 37
Spirit-s. Festivals, 44; T’ien the abode of the, 95–96; the Great One, the Great Unity, 142–143; an ox-spirit, 146; Spirit of the Blue Dragon Star, 146; of the White Tiger Star, 148; Spirit-boat, 151; of Ô-mei Shan—see T’ai-i Huang-jên; Spirit of the Waters, 182, and see Ho Po; Spirit of Lightning, 203–204; dragons regarded as spirits of the waters, 208; Spirit of the Sea, 212 sq.; of the Well, 217; of the North Star, 262–263, 270; of the South Pole Star, 329, 337
Ssŭ Ha Li Kuo. The Red Country, 359
Ssŭ Ta T’ian-wang. The Four Kings of Heaven; Taoist reflection of Chin-kang, 142
Ssŭ Tu. The Four Kings of the Sweet Water Department, 212
Ssŭ-ma Chêng. Author of Historical Records; his account of Nü Kua, 81–82
Star-s. Myths of the, 176 sq.; star-worship, 188–189; star-ruler, 189; effects of worship of, 189
Star-god-s. The Great Bear, 106 sq.; the God of Literature a star-god, 106 sq.; T’ai I, 144; Bushel Mother, 144–145; Blue Dragon, 146; White Tiger, 148; Ts’an Nü, 169; the God of Happiness, 169–170; the God of Longevity, 171–172; Leo, ‘Throne of the Five Emperors’ in, 176; the Cycle-gods, 177; Chang Hsien, 177 sq.; the Heavenly Dog, 177–178; Po I-k’ao, 192 sq.; God of the Wind, 204; ‘the Five Mountains,’ 242–243