Sir Gawayne and the Green Knight An Alliterative Romance-Poem (c. 1360 A.D.)
"Mary!" quoth the other, "since it pleases thee to lose thy life, 2140

"Mary!" quod þat oþer mon, "now þou so much spelle3,

Þat þou wylt þyn awen nye nyme to þy-seluen,

& þe lyst lese þy lyf, þe lette I ne kepe;

take thy helmet on thy head, and thy spear in thy hand, and ride down this path by yon rock-side,

Haf here þi helme on þy hede, þi spere in þi honde,

2144

& ryde me doun þis ilk rake, bi 3on rokke syde,

till thou come to the bottom of the valley;

Til þou be bro3t to þe boþem of þe brem valay;

look a little to the left,

Þenne loke a littel on þe launde, on þi lyfte honde,

and thou shalt see the Chapel itself and the man that guards it."

& þou schal se in þat slade þe self chapel,

2148

& þe borelych burne on bent, þat hit kepe3.

Now fare3 wel on Gode3 half, Gawayn þe noble,

For alle þe golde vpon grounde I nolde go with þe,

Ne bere þe fela3schip þur3 þis fryth on fote fyrre."

Having thus spoken the guide takes leave of the knight. 2152

Bi þat þe wy3e in þe wod wende3 his brydel,

Hit þe hors with þe hele3, as harde as he my3t,

Lepe3 hym ouer þe launde, & leue3 þe kny3t þere,

al one.

"By God's self," says Sir Gawayne, "I will neither weep nor groan. 2156

"Bi Godde3 self," quod Gawayn,

"I wyl nauþer grete ne grone,

To God's will I am full ready."

To Godde3 wylle I am ful bayn,

& to hym I haf me tone."

VIII.

[Fol. 120.]
Then he pursues his journey,
2160

Thenne gyrde3 he to Gryngolet, & gedere3 þe rake,

Schowue3 in bi a schore, at a scha3e syde,

rides through the dale, and looks about.

Ride3 þur3 þe ro3e bonk, ry3t to þe dale;

& þenne he wayted hym aboute, & wylde hit hym þo3t,

He sees no sign of a resting-place, but only high and steep banks. 2164

& se3e no syngne of resette, bisyde3 nowhere,

Bot hy3e bonkke3 & brent, vpon boþe halue,

& ru3e knokled knarre3, with knorned stone3;

Þe skwe3 of þe scowtes skayued1 hym þo3t.

2168

Þenne he houed, & wyth-hylde his hors at þat tyde,

& ofte chaunged his cher, þe chapel to seche;

No chapel could he discern.

He se3 non suche in no syde, & selly hym þo3t,

Sone a lyttel on a launde, a lawe as hit we[re];

At last he sees a hill by the side of a stream; 2172

A bal3 ber3, bi a bonke, þe brymme by-syde,

Bi a for3 of a flode, þat ferked þare;

Þe borne blubred þer-inne, as hit boyled hade.

thither he goes,

Þe kny3t kache3 his caple, & com to þe lawe,

alights and fastens his horse to a branch of a tree. 2176

Li3te3 doun luflyly, & at a lynde tache3

Þe rayne, & his riche, with a ro3e braunche;

He walks around the hill, debating with himself what it might be,

Þen[n]e he bo3e3 to þe ber3e, aboute hit he walke,

D[e]batande with hym-self, quat hit be my3t.

2180

Hit hade a hole on þe ende, & on ayþer syde,

& ouer-growen with gresse in glodes ay where,

& al wat3 hol3 in-with, nobot an olde caue,

and at last finds an old cave in the crag.

Or a creuisse of an olde cragge, he couþe hit no3t deme

2184

with spelle,

"We,2 lorde," quod þe gentyle kny3t,

"Wheþer þis be þe grene chapelle;

He prays that about midnight he may tell his matins.

He my3t aboute myd-ny3t,

2188

[Þ]e dele his matynnes telle!"

1 skayned (?). 2 wel (?).

IX.

"Truly," says Sir Gawayne, "a desert is here,

"Now i-wysse," quod Wowayn, "wysty is here;

Þis oritore is vgly, with erbe3 ouer-growen;

a fitting place for the man in green to 'deal here his devotions in devil fashion.'

Wel biseme3 þe wy3e wruxled in grene

2192

Dele here his deuocioun, on þe deuele3 wyse;

Now I fele hit is þe fende, in my fyue wytte3,

Þat hat3 stoken me þis steuen, to strye me here;

It is most cursed kirk that ever I entered."

Þis is a chapel of meschaunce, þat chekke hit by-tyde,

2196

Hit is þe corsedest kyrk, þat euer i com inne!"

[Fol. 120b.]

With he3e helme on his hede, his launce in his honde,

Roaming about he hears a loud noise,

He rome3 vp to þe rokke of þo ro3 wone3;

Þene herde he of þat hy3e hil, in a harde roche,

from beyond the brook. 2200

Bi3onde þe broke, in a bonk, a wonder breme noyse,

It clattered like the grinding of a scythe on a grindstone.

Quat! hit clatered in þe clyff, as hit cleue schulde,

As one vpon a gryndelston hade grounden a syþe;

It whirred like a mill-stream.

What! hit wharred, & whette, as water at a mulne,

2204

What! hit rusched, & ronge, rawþe to here.

Þenne "bi Godde," quod Gawayn, "þat gere as1 I trowe,

Is ryched at þe reuerence, me renk to mete,

bi rote;

2208

Let God worche we loo,

"Though my life I forgo," says the knight, "no noise shall terrify me."

Hit helppe3 me not a mote,

My lif þa3 I for-goo,

Drede dot3 me no lote."

1 at, in MS.

X.

Then cried he aloud, 2212

Thenne þe kny3t con calle ful hy3e,

"Who dwells here discourse with me to hold?"

"Who sti3tle3 in þis sted, me steuen to holde?

Now is the good Gawayne going aright

For now is gode Gawayn goande ry3t here,

If any wy3e o3t wyl wynne hider fast,

2216

er now, oþer neuer, his nede3 to spede."

He hears a voice commanding him to abide where he is.

"Abyde," quod on on þe bonke, abouen ouer his hede,

"& þou schal haf al in hast, þat I þe hy3t ones."

3et he rusched on þat rurde, rapely a þrowe,

2220

& wyth quettyng a-wharf, er he wolde ly3t;

Soon there comes out of a hole, with a fell weapon,

& syþen he keuere3 bi a cragge, & come3 of a hole,

Whyrlande out of a wro, wyth a felle weppen,

a Danish axe, quite new,

A dene3 ax nwe dy3t, þe dynt with [t]o 3elde

2224

With a borelych bytte, bende by þe halme,

Fyled in a fylor, fowre fote large,

Hit wat3 no lasse, bi þat lace þat lemed ful bry3t.

the "knight in green," clothed as before.

& þe gome in þe erene gered as fyrst,

2228

Boþe þe lyre & þe legge3, lokke3, & berde,

Saue þat fayre on his fote he founde3 on þe erþe,

Sette þe stele to þe stone, & stalked bysyde.

When he reaches the stream, he hops over and strides about.

When he wan to þe watter, þer he wade nolde,

2232

He hypped ouer on hys ax, & orpedly stryde3,

Bremly broþe on a bent, þat brode wat3 a-boute,

on snawe.

[Fol. 121.]
He meets Sir Gawayne without obeisance.

Sir Gawayn þe kny3t con mete.

2236

He ne lutte hym no þyng lowe,

The other tells him that he is now ready for conversation

Þat oþer sayde, "now, sir swete,

Of steuen mon may þe trowe."

XI.

"God preserve thee!" says the Green Knight,

"Gawayn," quod þat grene gome, "God þe mot loke!

2240

I-wysse þou art welcom,1 wy3e, to my place,

"as a true knight 'thou hast timed thy travel'

& þou hat3 tymed þi trauayl as true2 mon schulde;

Thou knowest the covenant between us,

& þou knowe3 þe couenaunte3 kest vus by-twene,

At þis tyme twelmonyth þou toke þat þe falled,

that on New Year's day I should return thy blow 2244

& I schulde at þis nwe 3ere 3eply þe quyte.

Here we are alone,

& we ar in þis valay, verayly oure one,

Here ar no renkes vs to rydde, rele as vus like3;

Have off thy helmet and take thy pay at once."

Haf þy3 helme of þy hede, & haf here þy pay;

2248

Busk no more debate þen I þe bede þenne,

"When þou wypped of my hede at a wap one."

"By God," quoth Sir Gawayne, "I shall not begrudge thee thy will."

"Nay, bi God," quod Gawayn, "þat me gost lante,

I schal gruch þe no grwe, for grem þat falle3;

2252

Botsty3tel þe vpon on strok, & I schal stonde stylle,

& warp þe no wernyng, to worch as þe lyke3,

no whare."

Then he shows his bare neck,

He lened with þe nek, & lutte,

2256

& schewed þat schyre al bare,

& lette as he no3t dutte,

and appears undaunted.

For drede he wolde not dare.

1 welcon, in MS. 2 truee in MS. 3 MS. þy þy.

XII.

Then the man in green seizes his grim tool.

Then þe gome in þe grene grayþed hym swyþe,

2260

Gedere3 yp hys grymme tole, Gawayn to smyte;

With all his force he raises it aloft.

With alle þe bur in his body he ber hit on lofte,

Munt as ma3tyly, as marre hym he wolde;

Hade hit dryuen adoun, as dre3 as he atled,

2264

Þer hade ben ded of his dynt, þat do3ty wat3 euer.

Bot Gawayn on þat giserne glyfte hym bysyde,

As it came gliding down,

As hit com glydande adoun, on glode hym to schende,

Sir Gawayne shrank a little with his shoulders.

& schranke a lytel with þe schulderes, for þe scharp yrne.

2268

Þat oþer schalk wyth a schunt þe schene wythhalde3,

The other reproved him, saying,

& þenne repreued he þe prynce with mony prowde worde3:

"Thou art not Gawayne that is so good esteemed,

ou art not Gawayn," quod þe gome, "þat is so goud halden,

Þat neuer ar3ed for no here, by hylle ne be vale,

[Fol. 121b.]
for thou fleest for fear before thou feelest harm.
2272

& now þou fles for ferde, er þou fele harme3;

Such cowardise of þat kny3t cowþe I neuer here.

I never flinched when thou struckest.

Nawþer fyked I, ne fla3e, freke, quen þou myntest,

Ne kest no kauelacion, in kynge3 hous Arthor,

My head flew to my foot, yet I never fled, 2276

My hede fla3 to my fote, & 3et fla3 I neuer;

& þou, er any harme hent, ar3e3 in hert,

wherefore I ought to be called the better man."

Wherfore þe better burne me burde be called

þer-fore."

"I shunted once," says Gawayne, "but will no more. 2280

Quod G:, "I schunt one3,

& so wyl I no more,

Bot pa3 my hede falle on þe stone3,

I con not hit restore.

XIII.

Bring me to the point; deal me my destiny at once." 2284

Bot busk, burne, bi þi fayth, & bryng me to þe poynt,

Dele to me my destiné, & do hit out of honde,

For I schal stonde þe a strok, & start no more,

Til þyn ax haue me hitte, haf here my trawþe."

"Have at thee, then," says the other. 2288

"Haf at þe þenne," quod þat oþer, & heue3 hit alofte,

& wayte3 as wroþely, as he wode were;

With that he aims at him a blow.

He mynte3 at hym ma3tyly, bot not þe mon ryue3,1

With-helde heterly h[i]s honde, er hit hurt my3t.

Gawayne never flinches, but stands as still as a stone. 2292

Gawayn grayþely hit byde3, & glent with no membre,

Bot stode stylle as þe ston, oþer a stubbe auþer,

Þat raþeled is in roche grounde, with rote3 a hundreth.

Þen muryly efte con he mele, þe mon in þe grene,

"Now," says the Green Knight, "I must hit thee, since thy heart is whole." 2296

"So now þou hat3 þi hert holle, hitte me bihou[e]s;

Halde þe now þe hy3e hode, þat Arþur þe ra3t,

& kepe þy kanel at þis kest, 3if hit keuer may."

G: ful gryndelly with greme þenne sayde,

"Thrash on," says the other. 2300

"Wy þresch on, þou þro mon, þou þrete3 to longe,

I hope þat þi hert ar3e wyth þyn awen seluen."

"For soþe," quod þat oþer freke, "so felly þou speke3,

I wyl no lenger on lyte lette þin ernde,

2304

ri3t nowe."

Then the Green Knight makes ready to strike.

Þenne tas he2 hym stryþe to stryke,

& frounses boþe lyppe & browe,

No meruayle þa3 hym myslyke,

2308

Þat hoped of no rescowe.

1 ? ryne3 = touches. 2 he he, in MS.

XIV.

He let fall his loom on the bare

He lyftes ly3tly his lome, & let hit doun fayre,

[Fol. 122.]
neck of Sir Gawayne.

With þe barbe of þe bitte bi þe bare nek

Þa3 he homered heterly, hurt hym no more,

2312

Bot snyrt hym on þat on syde, þat seuered þe hyde;

The sharp weapon pierced the flesh so that the blood flowed.

Þe scharp schrank to þe flesche þur3 þe schyre grece,

Þat þe schene blod over his schulderes schot to þe erþe.

When the knight saw the blood on the snow,

& quen þe burne se3 þe blode blenk on þe snawe,

2316

He sprit forth spenne fote more þen a spere lenþe,

Hent heterly his helme, & on his hed cast,

Schot with his schuldere3 his fayre schelde vnder,

he unsheathed his sword, and thus spake:

Brayde3 out a bry3t sworde, & bremely he speke3;

2320

Neuer syn þat he wat3 burne borne of his moder,

Wat3 he neuer in þis worlde, wy3e half so blyþe:—

"Cease, man, of thy blow.

"Blynne, burne, of þy bur, bede me no mo;

I haf a stroke in þis sted with-oute stryf hent,

If thou givest me any more, readily shall I requite thee. 2324

& if þow reche3 me any mo, I redyly schal quyte,

& 3elde 3ederly a3ayn, & þer to 3e tryst,

& foo;

Our agreement stipulates only one stroke."

Bot on stroke here me falle3,

2328

Þe couenaunt schop ry3t so,

[Sikered]1 in Arþure3 halle3,

& þer-fore, hende, now hoo!"

1 Illegible.

XV.

The Green Knight rested on his axe,

The haþel heldet hym fro, & on his ax rested,

2332

Sette þe schaft vpon schore, & to be scharp lened,

looked on Sir Gawayne, who appeared bold and fearless,

& loked to þe leude, þat on þe launde 3ede,

How þat do3ty dredles deruely þer stonde3,

Armed ful a3le3; in hert hit hym lyke3.

2336

þenn he mele3 muryly, wyth a much steuen,

and addressed him as follows: "Bold knight, be not so wroth,

& wyth a r[a]ykande rurde he to þe renk sayde,

"Bolde burne, on þis bent be not so gryndel;

No mon here vn-manerly þe mys-boden habbe,

2340

Ne kyd, bot as couenaunde, at kynge3 kort schaped;

I promised thee a stroke and thou hast it, be satisfied.

I hy3t þe a strok, & þou hit hat3, halde þe wel payed,

I relece þe of þe remnaunt, of ry3tes alle oþer;

3if1 I deliuer had bene, a boffet, paraunter,

I could have dealt worse with thee. 2344

I couþe wroþeloker haf waret, [&] to þe haf wro3t anger.2

Fyrst I mansed þe muryly, with a mynt one,

I menaced thee with one blow for the covenant

& roue þe wyth no rof, sore with ry3t I þe profered,

[Fol. 122b.]
between us on the first night.

For þe forwarde that we fest in þe fyrst ny3t,

2348

& þou trystyly þe trawþe & trwly me halde3,

Al þe gayne þow me gef, as god mon shulde;

Another I aimed at thee because thou kissedst my wife.

Þat oþer munt for þe morne, mon, I þe profered,

Þou kyssedes my clere wyf, þe cosse3 me ra3te3,

2352

For boþe two here I þe bede bot two bare myntes,

boute scaþe;

A true man should restore truly, and then he need fear no harm.

Trwe mon trwe restore,

Þenne þar mon drede no waþe;

Thou failedst at the third time, and therefore take thee that tap. (See l. 1861.) 2356

At þe þrid þou fayled þore,

& þer-for þat tappe ta þe.

1 uf, in MS. 2 This word is doubtful.

XVI.

For my weed (woven by my wife) thou wearest.

For hit is my wede þat þou were3, þat ilke wouen girdel,

Myn owen wyf hit þe weued, I wot wel forsoþe;

I know thy kisses and my wife's wooing. 2360

Now know I wel þy cosses, & þy costes als,

& þe wowyng of my wyf, I wro3t hit myseluen;

I sent her to try thee, and faultless I found thee.

I sende hir to asay þe, & sothly me þynkke3,

On þe fautlest freke, þat euer on fote 3ede;

2364

As perle bi þe quite pese is of prys more,

So is Gawayn, in god fayth, bi oþer gay kny3te3.

But yet thou sinnedst a little,

Bot here you lakked a lyttel, sir, & lewte yow wonted,

Bot þat wat3 for no wylyde werke, ne wowyng nauþer,

for love of thy life." 2368

Bot for 3e lufed your lyf, þe lasse I yow blame."

Þat oþer stif mon in study stod a gret whyle;

So agreued for greme he gryed with-inne,

Gawayne stands confounded.

Alle þe blode of his brest blende in his face,

2372

Þat al he schrank for schome, þat þe schalk talked.

Þe forme worde vpon folde, þat þe freke meled,—

"Cursed," he says, "be cowardice and covetousness both!"

"Corsed worth cowarddyse & couetyse boþe!

In yow is vylany & vyse, þat vertue disstrye3."

Then he takes off the girdle and throws it to the knight. 2376

Þenne he ka3t to þe knot, & þe kest lawse3,

Brayde broþely þe belt to þe burne seluen:

"Lo! þer þe falssyng, foule mot hit falle!

He curses his cowardice,

For care of þy knokke cowardyse me ta3t

2380

To a-corde me with couetyse, my kynde to for-sake,

Þat is larges & lewte, þat longe3 to kny3te3.

and confesses himself to have been guilty of untruth.

Now am I fawty, & falce, & ferde haf ben euer;

Of trecherye & vn-trawþe boþe bityde sor3e

2384

& care!

[Fol. 123.]

I bi-knowe yow, kny3t, here stylle,

Al fawty is my fare,

Lete3 me ouer-take your wylle,

2388

& efle I schal be ware."

XVII.

Then the other, laughing, thus spoke:

Thenne lo3e þat oþer leude, & luflyly sayde,

"I halde hit hardily1 hole, þe harme þat I hade;

"Thou art confessed so clean,

Þou art confessed so clene, be-knowen of þy mysses,

2392

& hat3 þe penaunce apert, of þe poynt of myn egge,

that I hold thee as pure as if thou hadst never been guilty.

I halde þe polysed of þat ply3t, & pured as clene,

As þou hade3 neuer forfeted, syþen þou wat3 fyrst borne.

I give thee, sir, the gold-hemmed girdle,

& I gif þe, sir, þe gurdel þat is golde hemmed;

2396

For hit is grene as my goune, sir G:, 3e maye

Þenk vpon þis ilke þrepe, þer þou forth þrynge3

Among prynces of prys, & þis a pure token

as a token of thy adventure at the Green Chapel.

Of þe chaunce of þe grene chapel, at cheualrous kny3te3;

Come again to my abode, and abide there for the remainder of the festival." 2400

& 3e schal in þis nwe 3er a3ayn to my wone3,

& we schyn reuel þe remnaunt of þis ryche fest,

ful bene."

Þer laþed hym fast þe lorde,

2404

& sayde, "with my wyf, I wene,

We schal yow wel acorde,

Þat wat3 your enmy kene."

1 hardilyly, in MS.

XVIII.

"Nay, forsooth," says Gawayne,

"Nay, for soþe," quod þe segge, & sesed hys helme,

2408

& hat3 hit of hendely, & þe haþel þonkke3,

"I have sojourned sadly, but bliss betide thee!

"I haf soiorned sadly, sele yow bytyde,

& he 3elde hit yow 3are, þat 3arkke3 al menskes!

Commend me to your comely wife and that other lady who have beguiled me.

& comaunde3 me to þat cortays, your comlych fere,

2412

Boþe þat on & þat oþer, myn honoured ladye3.

Þat þus hor kny3t wyth hor kest han koyntly bigyled.

But it is no marvel for a man to be brought to grief through a woman's wiles.

Bot hit is no ferly, þa3 a fole madde,

& þur3 wyles of wymmen be wonen to sor3e;

Adam, Solomon, Samson, and David were beguiled by women. 2416

For so wat3 Adam in erde with one bygyled,

& Salamon with fele sere, & Samson eft sone3,

Dalyda dalt hym hys wyrde, & Dauyth þer-after

Wat3 blended with Barsabe, þat much bale þoled.

How could a man love them and believe them not? 2420

Now þese were wrathed wyth her wyles, hit were a wynne huge,

To luf hom wel, & leue hem not, a leude þat couþe,

[Fol. 123b.]

For þes wer forne1 þe freest þat fol3ed alle þe sele,

Ex-ellently of alle þyse oþer, vnder heuen-ryche,

2424

þat mused;

& alle þay were bi-wyled,

With2 wymmen þat þay vsed,

Though I be now beguiled, methinks I should be excused.

Þa3 I be now bigyled,

2428

Me þink me burde be excused."

1 forme (?) 2 with wyth, in MS.

XIX.

But God reward you for your girdle.

"Bot your gordel," quod G: "God yow for-3elde!

Þat wyl I welde wyth good wylle, not for þe wynne golde,

Ne þe saynt, ne þe sylk, ne þe syde pendaundes,

2432

For wele, ne for worchyp, ne for þe wlonk werkke3,

I will wear it in remembrance of my fault.

Bot in syngne of my surfet I schal se hit ofte;

When I ride in renoun, remorde to myseluen

Þe faut & þe fayntyse of þe flesche crabbed,

2436

How tender hit is to entyse teches of fylþe;

And when pride shall prick me,

& þus, quen pryde schal me pryk, for prowes of armes,

a look to this lace shall abate it.

Þe loke to þis luf lace schal leþe my hert.

Bot on I wolde yow pray, displeses yow neuer;

2440

Syn 3e be lorde of þe 3onde[r] londe, þer I haf lent inne,

Wyth yow wyth worschyp,—þe wy3e hit yow 3elde

Þat vp-halde3 þe heuen, & on hy3 sitte3,—

But tell me your right name and I shall have done."

How norne 3e yowre ry3t nome, & þenne no more?"

2444

"Þat schal I telle þe trwly," quod þat oþer þenne,

The Green Knight replies, "I am called Bernlak de Hautdesert, through might of Morgain la Fey, the pupil of Merlin.

"Bernlak de Hautdesert I hat in þis londe,

Þur3 my3t of Morgne la Faye, þat in my hous lenges,

&1 koyntyse of clergye, bi craftes wel lerned,

2448

Þe maystres of Merlyn, mony ho2 taken;

For ho hat3 dalt drwry ful dere sum tyme,

With þat conable klerk, þat knowes alle your kny3te3

at hame;

2452

Morgne þe goddes,

Þer-fore hit is hir name;

She can tame even the haughtiest.

Welde3 non so hy3e hawtesse,

Þat ho ne con make ful tame.

1 in (?). 2 ho hat3 (?).

XX.

It was she who caused me to test the renown of the Round Table, 2456

Ho wayned me vpon þis wyse to your wynne halle,

For to assay þe surquidre, 3if hit soth were,

Þat rennes of þe grete renoun of þe Rounde Table;

Ho wayned me þis wonder, your wytte3 to reue,

[Fol. 124.]
hoping to grieve Guenever and cause her death through fear.
2460

For to haf greued Gaynour, & gart hir to dy3e.

With gopnyng1 of þat ilke gomen, þat gostlych speked,

With his hede in his honde, bifore þe hy3e table.

Þat is ho þat is at home, þe auncian lady;

She is even thine aunt. 2464

Ho is euen þyn aunt, Arþure3 half suster,

Þe duches do3ter of Tyntagelle, þat dere Vter after

Therefore come to her and make merry in my house."

Hade Arþur vpon, þat aþel is nowþe.

Þerfore I eþe þe, haþel, to com to þy naunt,

2468

Make myry in my hous, my meny þe louies,

& I wol þe as wel, wy3e, bi my faythe,

As any gome vnder God, for þy grete trauþe."

Gawayne refuses to return with the Green Knight.

& he nikked hym naye, he nolde bi no wayes;

2472

Þay acolen & kyssen, [bikennen] ayþer oþer

To þe prynce of paradise, & parten ry3t þere,

on coolde;

On horse full fair he bends to Arthur's hall.

Gawayn on blonk ful bene,

2476

To þe kynge3 bur3 buske3 bolde,

& þe kny3t in þe enker grene,

Whider-warde so euer he wolde.

1 glopnyng (?).

XXI.

Wild ways now Gawayne rides.

Wylde waye3 in þe worlde Wowen now ryde3,

2480

On Gryngolet, þat þe grace hade geten of his lyue;

Oft he harboured in house and oft thereout.

Ofte he herbered in house, & ofte al þeroute,

& mony a-venture in vale, & venquyst ofte,

Þat I ne ty3t, at þis tyme, in tale to remene.

The wound in his neck became whole. 2484

Þe hurt wat3 hole, þat he hade hent in his nek,

He still carried about him the belt,

& þe blykkande belt he bere þeraboute,

A belef as a bauderyk, bounden bi his syde,

Loken vnder his lyfte arme, þe lace, with a knot,

in token of his fault. 2488

In tokenyng he wat3 tane in tech of a faute;

Thus he comes to the Court of King Arthur.

& þus he commes to þe court, kny3t al in sounde.

Great then was the joy of all.

Þer wakned wele in þat wone, when wyst þe grete,

Þat gode G: wat3 commen, gayn hit hym þo3t;

The king and his knights ask him concerning his journey. 2492

Þe kyng kysse3 þe kny3t, & þe whene alce,

& syþen mony syker kny3t, þat so3t hym to haylce,

Gawayne tells them of his adventures,

Of his fare þat hym frayned, & ferlyly he telles;

Biknowo3 alle þe costes of care þat he hade,—

2496

Þe chaunce of þe chapel, þe chere of þe kny3t,

[Fol. 124b.]
the love of the lady, and lastly of the lace.

Þe luf of þe ladi, þe lace at þe last.

Þe nirt in þe nek he naked hem schewed,

He showed them the cut in his neck.

Þat he la3t for his vnleute at þe leudes hondes,

2500

for blame;

He tened quen he schulde telle,

He groaned for grief and shame, and the blood rushed into his face.

He groned for gref & grame;

Þe blod in his face con melle,

2504

When he hit schulde schewe, for schame.

XXII.

"Lo!" says he, handling the lace, "this is the band of blame,

"Lo! lorde," quod þe leude, & þe lace hondeled,

"Þis is þe bende of þis blame I bere [in] my nek,

Þis is þe laþe & þe losse, þat I la3t haue,

a token of my cowardice and covetousness, 2508

Of couardise & couetyse, þat I haf ca3t þare,

Þis is þe token of vn-trawþe, þat I am tan inne,

I must needs wear it as long as I live."

& I mot nede3 hit were, wyle I may last;

For non may hyden his harme, bot vnhap ne may hit,

2512

For þer hit one3 is tachched, twynne wil hit neuer."

The king comforts the knight, and all the court too.

Þe kyng comforte3 þe kny3t, & alle þe court als,

La3en loude þer-at, & luflyly acorden,

Þat lordes & ladis, þat longed to þe Table,

Each knight of the brotherhood agrees to wear a bright green belt, 2516

Vche burne of þe broþer-hede a bauderyk schulde haue,

A bende, a belef hym aboute, of a bry3t grene,

for Gawayne's sake,

& þat, for sake of þat segge, in swete to were.

For þat wat3 acorded þe renoun of þe Rounde Table,

who ever more honoured it. 2520

& he honoured þat hit hade, euer-more after,

As hit is breued in þe best boke of romaunce.

Thus in Arthur's day this adventure befell.

Þus in Arthurus day þis aunter bitidde,

Þe Brutus bokees þer-of beres wyttenesse;

2524

Syþen Brutus, þe bolde burne, bo3ed hider fyrst,

After þe segge & þe asaute wat3 sesed at Troye,

I-wysse;

Mony auntere3 here bi-forne,

2528

Haf fallen suche er þis:

He that bore the crown of thorns bring us to His bliss!

Now þat bere þe croun of þorne,

He bryng vus to his blysse! AMEN.


NOTES.

Line 8     Ricchis turns, goes,
    The king ...
  Ricchis his reynys and the Renke metys:
  Girden to gedur with þere grete speires.—T.B. l. 1232.
37     Þis kyng lay at Camylot vpon kryst-masse.
Camalot, in Malory's "Morte Arthure," is said to be the same as Winchester. Ritson supposes it to be Caer-went, in Monmouthshire, and afterwards confounded with Caer-wynt, or Winchester. But popular tradition here seems the best guide, which assigned the site of Camalot to the ruins of a castle on a hill, near the church of South Cadbury, in Somersetshire (Sir F. Madden).
65     Nowel nayted o-newe, neuened ful ofte.
  Christmas celebrated anew, mentioned full often.
Sir F. Madden leaves the word nayted unexplained in his Glossary to "Syr Gawayne."
124 syluener = sylueren, i.e. silver dishes.
139 lyndes = lendes, loins.
142 in his muckel, in his greatness.
184 Wat3 euesed al umbe-torne—? was trimmed, all cut evenly around; umbe-torne may be an error for vmbe-corue = cut round.
216 in gracios werkes. Sir F. Madden reads gracons for gracios, and suggests Greek as the meaning of it.
244-5     As al were slypped vpon slepe so slaked hor lote3
        in hy3e
.
    As all were fallen asleep so ceased their words
        in haste (suddenly).
Sir F. Madden reads slaked horlote3, instead of slaked hor lote3, which, according to his glossary, signifies drunken vagabonds. He evidently takes horlote3 to be another (and a very uncommon) form of harlote3 = harlots. But harlot, or vagabond, would be a very inappropriate term to apply to the noble Knights of the Round Table. Moreover, slaked never, I think, means drunken. The general sense of the verb slake is to let loose, lessen, cease. Cf. lines 411-2, where sloke, another form of slake, occurs with a similar meaning:
    — layt no fyrre; bot slokes.
    — seek no further, but stop (cease).
Sir F. Madden suggests blows as the explanation of slokes. It is, however, a verb in the imperative mood.
286 Brayn. Mätzner suggests brayn-wod.
296 barlay = par loi. This word is exceedingly common in the T. Book (see l. 3391).
    I bid you now, barlay, with besines at all
    Þat ye set you most soverainly my suster to gete.—T.B. l. 2780.
394 siker. Sir F. Madden reads swer.
440 bluk. Sir F. Madden suggests blunk (horse). I am inclined to keep to the reading of the MS., and explain bluk as = bulk = trunk. Cf. the use of the word Blok in "Early English Alliterative Poems," p. 100, l. 272.
558 derue doel, etc. = great grief. Sir F. Madden reads derne, i.e. secret, instead of derue (= derf). Cf. line 564.
577 knaged, fastened.
    The braunches were borly, sum of bright gold,
    With leuys full luffly, light of the same;
    With burions aboue bright to beholde;
    And fruit on yt fourmyt of fairest of shap,
    Of mony kynd that was knyt, knagged aboue.—T.B. l. 4973.
629     & ay quere hit is endele3, etc.
    And everywhere it is endless, etc.
Sir F. Madden reads emdele3, i.e. with equal sides.
652 for-be = for-bi = surpassing, beyond.
681 for Hadet read Halet = haled = exiled (?). See line 1049.
806 auinant = auenaunt, pleasantly. Sir F. Madden reads amnant.
954 of. Should we not read on (?).
957     Þat oþer wyth a gorger wat3 gered ouer þe swyre.
The gorger or wimple is stated first to have appeared in Edward the First's reign, and an example is found on the monument of Aveline, Countess of Lancaster, who died in 1269. From the poem, however, it would seem that the gorger was confined to elderly ladies (Sir F. Madden)
968     More lykker-wys on to lyk,
    Wat3 þat scho had on lode.

    A more pleasant one to like,
    Was that (one) she had under her control.
988 tayt = lively, and hence pleasant, agreeable.
1015 in vayres, in purity.
1020 dut = dunt (?) = dint (?), referring to sword-sports.
1022 sayn[t] Ione3 day. This is the 27th of December, and the last of the feast. Sometimes the Christmas festivities were prolonged to New Year's Day (Sir F. Madden).
1047 derne dede = secret deed. I would prefer to read derue dede = great deed. Cf. lines 558, 564.
1053 I wot in worlde, etc. = I not (I know not) in worlde, etc.
1054     I nolde, bot if I hit negh my3t on nw3eres morne,
    For alle þe londe in-wyth Logres, etc.
I would not [delay to set out], unless I might approach it on New Year's morn, for all the lands within England, etc.
1074 in spenne = in space = in the interval = meanwhile. See line 1503.
1160 slentyng of arwes. Sir F. Madden reads sleutyng.
    "Of drawyn swordis sclentyng to and fra,
    The brycht mettale, and othir armouris seir,
    Quharon the sonnys blenkis betis cleir,
    Glitteris and schane, and vnder bemys brycht,
    Castis ane new twynklyng or a lemand lycht."
        (G. Douglas' Æneid, Vol. i, p. 421.)
1281 let lyk = appeared pleased.
1283     Þa3 I were burde bry3test, þe burde in mynde hade, etc.
The sense requires us to read:
    Þa3 ho were burde bry3test, þe burne in mynde hade, etc.
i.e., Though she were lady fairest, the knight in mind had, etc.
1440     Long sythen [seuered] for þe sounder þat wi3t for-olde
Long since separated from the sounder or herd that fierce (one) for-aged (grew very old).
    "Now to speke of the boore, the fyrste year he is
    A pygge of the sounder callyd, as haue I blys;
    The secounde yere an hogge, and soo shall he be,
    And an hoggestere, whan he is of yeres thre;
    And when he is foure yere, a boor shall he be,
    From the sounder of the swyne thenne departyth he;
    A synguler is he soo, for alone he woll go."
        (Book of St. Alban's, ed. 1496, sig. d., i.)
1476 totes = looks, toots.
    Sho went up wightly by a walle syde.
    To the toppe of a toure and tot ouer the water.—T.B. l. 862.
1623 A verb [? lalede = cried] seems wanting after lorde.
1702 fnasted, breathed.
    These balfull bestes were, as the boke tellus,
    Full flaumond of fyre with fnastyng of logh.—T.B. l. 168.
1710 a strothe rande = a rugged path. Cf. the phrases tene greue, l. 1707; ro3e greue, l. 1898.
1729 bi lag = be-lagh(?) = below (?).
1719     Thenne wat3 hit lif vpon list, etc.
Should we not read:
    Thenne wat3 hit list vpon lif, etc.
i.e., Then was there joy in life, etc.
1780 lyf = lef(?), beloved (one).
1869     Ho hat3 kyst þe kny3t so to3t.
  She has kissed the knight so courteous.
Sir F. Madden explains to3t, promptly. To3t seems to be the same as the Northumbrian taght in the following extract from the "Morte Arthure":
    "There come in at the fyrste course, before the kyng seluene,
    Bare hevedys that ware bryghte, burnyste with sylver,
    Alle with taghte mene and towne in togers fulle ryche."—(p. 15.)
The word towne (well-behaved) still exists in wan-ton, the original meaning of which was ill-mannered, ill-bred.
1909 bray hounde3 = braþ hounde3, i.e. fierce hounds.
1995 He hat3 nere þat he so3t = He wat3 nere þat he so3t = He was near to that which he sought.
2160 gedere3 þe rake = takes the path or way.
2167     Þe skwe3 of þe scowtes skayued hym þo3t.
The shadows of the hills appeared wild (desolate) to him. Sir F. Madden reads skayned, of which he gives no explanation. Skayued = skayfed, seems to be the N. Prov. English scafe, wild. Scotch schaivie, wild, mad. O.N. skeifr. Sw. skef, awry, distorted.
2204 ronge = clattered.
2211     Drede dot3 me no lote =
    No noise shall cause me to dread (fear).
2357     & þer-for þat tappe ta þe.
    And therefore take thee that tap.
ta þe = take thee. Sir F. Madden reads taþe = taketh. See l. 413, where to þe rhymes with sothe. We have no imperatives in th in this poem.
2401 We schyn reuel, etc. Sir F. Madden reads wasch yn reuel. But schyn = shall. See Glossary to "Alliterative Poems."
2474 on-coolde = on-colde = coldly = sorrowfully.
2489     in-sounde = soundly, well. Cf. in-blande = together; in-lyche, alike; inmydde3, amidst.