Pmf
A few useful random variables:
Recall that a random variable X : Ω → R is called discrete if its range (i.e., the set of values that it can take) is a countable set. The PMF of X is a function pX : R → [0, 1], defined by pX(x) = P(X = x), and completely determines the probability law of X.
The following are some important PMFs.
(a) Discrete uniform with parameters a and b, where a and b are integers with a < b. Here,
(b) Bernoulli with parameter p, where 0 ≤ p ≤ 1. Here, PX (0) = p, PX (1) =1 − p.
(c) Binomial with parameters n and p, where n ∈ N and p ∈ [0, 1]. Here,
A binomial random variable with parameters n and p represents the number of heads observed in n independent tosses of a coin if the probability of heads at each toss is p.
(d) Geometric with parameter p, where 0 < p ≤ 1. Here,
A geometric random variable with parameter p represents the number of independent tosses of a coin until heads are observed for the first time, if the probability of heads at each toss is p.
(e) Poisson with parameter λ, where λ > 0. Here,
As will be seen shortly, a Poisson random variable can be thought of as a limiting case of a binomial random variable.
(f) Power law with parameter α, where α > 0. Here
Note that when α is small, the “tail” P(X ≥ k) of the distribution decays slowly (slower than an exponential) ask increases, and in some sense such a distribution has “heavy” tails.