FOOTNOTES:
[1] First written about tea; improperly claimed to have been written of coffee.
[2] First written about tea; improperly claimed to have been written of coffee.
[3] Jardin, Édelestan. Le Caféier et le Café. Paris, 1895 (p. 55).
[4] Dufour, Philippe Sylvestre. Traités Nouveaux et Curieux du Café, du Thé, et du Chocolat. Lyons, 1684.
[5] Coffee covered with the skin is called boun, and the coffee-tree, boun-tree (sejar et boun).
[6] These four dialects are spoken in Hindustan.
[7] Notice must be taken of the similarity in the names of coffee in Hindustan and Abyssinia, and of the name of the coffee-tree as given by ancient authors.
[8] These four dialects are spoken in Hindustan.
[9] These four dialects are spoken in Hindustan.
[10] These four dialects are spoken in Hindustan.
[12] Legal and Houri mean tree.
[13] Legal and Houri mean tree.
[14] North-American Indian.
[15] La Roque, Jean. Voyage de l'Arabie Heureuse. Paris, 1716.
[16] Jardin, Édelestan. Le Caféier et le Café. Paris, 1895. (p. 102).
[17] Année Littéraire. Paris, 1774 (vol. vi: p. 217).
[18] Franklin, Alfred. La Vie Privée d'Autrefois. Paris, 1893.
[19] Michaud, I.F. and L.G. Biographie Universelle. Paris.
[20] Daney, Sidney. Histoire de la Martinique. Fort Royal, 1846.
[21] Inauguration du Jardin Desclicux. Fort de France, 1918.
[22] Dufour, Philippe Sylvestre. Traités Nouveaux et Curieux du Café, du Thé, et du Chocolat. Lyons, 1684. (Title page has Traitez; elsewhere, Traités.)
[23] Robinson, Edward Forbes. The Early History of Coffee Houses in England. London, 1893.
[24] Encyclopedia Britannica. 1910. (vol. xv: p. 291.)
[25] Galland, Antoine. Lettre sur l'Origine et le Progres du Café. Paris, 1699.
[26] The Abd-al-Kâdir manuscript is described and illustrated in chapter XXXII.
[27] Rauwolf, Leonhard. Aigentliche beschreibung der Raisis so er vor diser zeit gegen auffgang inn die morgenlaender volbracht. Lauwingen, 1582–83.
[28] Della Valle, Pierre (Pietro). De Constantinople à Bombay, Lettres. 1615. (vol. i: p. 90.)
[29] "She mingled with the wine the wondrous juice of a plant which banishes sadness and wrath from the heart and brings with it forgetfulness of every woe."
[30] Scheuzer, J.J. Physique Sacrée, ou Histoire Naturelle de la Bible. Amsterdam, 1732, 1737.
[31] Jardin, Édelestan. Le Caféier et le Café. Paris, 1895.
[32] La Roque, Jean. Voyage dans l'Arabie Heureuse, de 1708 à 1713, et Traité Historique du Café. Paris, 1715. (pp. 247, 251.)
[33] Adjam, by many writers wrongly rendered Persia.
[34] Scheuzer, J.J. Physique Sacrée, ou Histoire Naturelle de la Bible. Amsterdam, 1732, 1737.
[35] Harper's Weekly. New York, 1911. (Jan. 21.)
[36] Nairon, Antoine Faustus. De Saluberrimá Cahue seu Café nuncupata Discursus. Rome, 1671.
[37] de Sacy, Baron Antoine Isaac Silvestre. Chresto-nathie Arabe. Paris, 1806. (vol. ii: p. 224.)
[38] Olearius, Adam. An Account of His Journeys. London, 1669.
[39] Niebuhr, Karstens. Description of Arabia. Amsterdam, 1774. (Heron trans., London, 1792: p. 266.)
[40] A Collection of Voyages and Travels. London, 1745. (vol. iv: p. 690.)
[41] Molmenti, Pompeo. La Storia di Venezia nella Vita Privata. Bergamo, 1908. (pt. 3: p. 245.)
[42] Goldoni, Carlo. La Bottega di Caffè. 1750.
[43] Hazlitt, W. Carew. The Venetian Republic. London, 1905, (vol. 2: pp. 1012–15.)
[44] Jardin, Édelestan. Le Caféier et le Café. Paris, 1895. (p. 16.)
[45] "Drop by drop they take it in," said Cotovicus.
[46] Misprinted thus in the original Dutch and here. Read Chaoua, i.e., Arabic qahwah.
[47] Laurel berry, of which the taste is bitter and disagreeable. From Latin bacca lauri.
[48] Arabic, bunn; coffee berries.
[49] Brandewijn in original Dutch.
[50] Mead.
[51] Purchas His Pilgrimes. London, 1625.
[52] Sandys, Sir George. Sandys' Travels. London, 1673. (p. 66.)
[53] Bacon, Francis. Sylva Sylvarum. London, 1627. (vol. v: p. 26.)
[54] Burton, Robert. The Anatomy of Melancholy. Oxford, 1632. (pt. 2: sec. 5: p. 397.) This reference does not appear in the earlier editions of 1621, 24, 28.
[55] Herbert, Sir T. Travels. London, ed. 1638. (p. 241.)
[56] Blount, Sir Henry. A Voyage Into the Levant. London. 1671. (pp. 20, 21, 54, 55, 138, 139.)
[57] Gilbert, Gustav. The Constitutional Antiquities of Sparta and Athens. London, 1895. (p. 69.)
[58] Aubrey, John. Lives of Eminent Men. London, 1813. (vol. ii: pt. 2: pp. 384–85.)
[59] Works. (vol. iv: p. 389.)
[60] à Wood, Anthony. Athenae Oxonienses. London, 1692. (vol. ii: col. 658.)
[61] Parkinson, John. Theatrum Botanicum. London, 1640. (p. 1622.)
[62] D'Israeli, I. Curiosities of Literature. London, 1798. (vol. i: p. 345.)
[63] A weight of from 133 to 140 pounds.
[65] Vulcaren,. John Peter A. Relation of the Siege of Vienna. 1684.
[66] Bermann, M. Alt und Neu Wien. Vienna, 1880. (p. 964.)
[67] Manuscript in the Bodleian Library.
[69] The Romance of Trade. London. (chap. ii; p. 31.)
[70] Pasqua Rosée's sign. Kitt's (or Bowman's) sign was a coffee pot.
[71] Hatton, Edward. New View of London. London, 1708. (vol. i: p. 30.)
[72] The prosecution came under the heading, "Disorders and Annoys."
[73] Rumsey (or Ramsey), W. Organon Salutis. London, 1657.
[74] Also given as Sir James Muddiford, Murford, Mudford, Moundeford, and Modyford.
[75] The Dutch admiral who, in June, 1667, dashed into the Downs with a fleet of eighty "sail", and many "fire-ships", blocked up the mouths of the Medway and Thames, destroyed the fortifications at Sheerness, cut away the paltry defenses of booms and chains drawn across the rivers, and got to Chatham, on the one side, and nearly to Gravesend on the other, the king having spent in debauchery the money voted by Parliament for the proper support of the English navy.
[76] General Monk and Prince Rupert were at this time commanders of the English fleet.
[77] Lillie (Lilly) was the celebrated astrologer of the Protectorate, who earned great fame at that time by predicting, in June, 1645, "if now we fight, a victory stealeth upon us;" a lucky guess, signally verified in the King's defeat at Naseby. Lilly thenceforth always saw the stars favourable to the Puritans.
[78] This man was originally a fishing-tackle maker in Tower Street during the reign of Charles I; but turning enthusiast, he went about prognosticating "the downfall of the King and Popery;" and as he and his predictions were all on the popular side, he became a great man with the superstitious "godly brethren" of that day.
[79] Turnball, or Turnbull-street, as it is still called, had been for a century previous of infamous repute. In Beaumont and Fletcher's play, the Knight of the Burning Pestle, one of the ladies who is undergoing penance at the barber's, has her character sufficiently pointed out to the audience, in her declaration, that she had been "stolen from her friends in Turnball-street."
[80] Anderson. Adam. Historical and Chronological Deduction of the Origin of Commerce. London. 1787.
[82] More fully described in chapter XXXII.
[84] Wroth, Warwick. The London Pleasure Gardens of the 18th Century. London, 1896.
[85] There were six places, all told, bearing the name "Man's". Alexander Man was coffee maker to William III.
[86] Salvandy, Narcisse-Achille. Influence des Cafés sur les Moeurs Politiques.
[87] Singleton, Esther. Dutch New York. New York, 1909. (p. 132.)
[88] Bishop, J. Leander. A History of American Manufactures, 1608 to 1860. New York, 1864. (Vol. 1; p. 259.)
[89] Patterson, Robert W. Early Society in Southern Illinois. Chicago, 1881.
[90] Andreas, A.T. History of Chicago. Chicago, 1884.
[91] Singleton, Esther. Dutch New York. 1909. (p. 133.)
[92] Bishop, J. Leander. A History of American Manufactures, 1608 to 1860. New York.
[93] Oberholtzer, Ellis Paxson. Philadelphia: a history of the city and its people. Philadelphia, 1912. (vol. 1: p. 106.)
[94] Freeman, W.G. The World's Commercial Products. Boston, (p. 176.)
[95] Tea and Coffee Trade Jour., 1918. (vol. xxxv: no. 4.)
[96] Dr. Cramer considers C. Maragogipe "the finest coffee known; it has a highly developed, splendid flavor."
[97] Journal of the Association of Official Agricultural Chemists, Nov. 15, 1921. (vol. v: no. 2: pp. 274–288.)
[98] The Tea and Coffee Trade Jour., 1912. (vol. xxiii: no. 3.)
[99] Die Menschlichen Genussmittel, 1911. (p. 300.)
[101] These and all other numbered drawings in this chapter are from Andrew L. Winton's The Microscopy of Vegetable Foods, copyright 1916, and reprinted by permission.
[102] Jour. Am. Chem. Soc., 1919 (vol. xli: p. 1306).
[103] Anstead, R.D. Annals on Applied Biology, 1915 (vol. i: pp. 299–302).
[104] Huntington, L.M. Tea and Coffee Trade Jour., 1917 (vol. xxxiii: p. 228).
[105] Gorter, Ann. (vol. ccclxxii: pp. 237–46).
Schulte, A. Z. Nahr. Genussm. (vol. xxvii: pp. 200–25).
Loew, Oscar. Ann. Rep. P.R. Agr. Expt. Sta., 1907 (pp. 41–55).
[106] Sencial. El Hacendado Mex. (vol. ix: p. 191).
[107] Pique, R. Bull. Assoc. Chim. sucr. dist. (vol. xxiv: pp. 1210–13).
[108] Pharm. Jour., 1886 (vol. xvii: p. 656).
[109] U.S. Pat., 113,832, April 18, 1871.
[110] U.S. Pat., 660,602, Oct. 30, 1900.
[111] French Pat., 379,036, Aug. 28, 1906.
[112] French Pat., 359,451, Nov. 15, 1905.
[113] British Pat., 26,905, Dec. 9, 1904.
[114] U.S. Pat., 843,530, Feb. 5, 1907.
[115] U.S. Pat., 1,313,209, Aug. 12, 1919.
[116] U.S. Pat., 134,792, Jan. 14, 1873.
[117] British Pat., 7,427, Mar. 24, 1910.
[118] U.S. Pat., 997,431, July 11, 1911.
[119] British Pat., 23,087, Oct. 9, 1912.
French Pat., 449,343, Oct. 12, 1912.
[120] British Pat., 21,397, Sept. 26, 1907.
French Pat., 382,238, Sept. 26, 1907.
U.S. Pat., 982,902, Jan. 31, 1911.
[121] Pharm. Zentralhalle, 1915 (vol. lvi: pp. 343–48).
[122] Münch. Med. Wochschr., (vol. lviii: pp. 1868–72).
[123] Commercial Organic Analysis.
[124] Ann. Chem. Pharm. 1867 (vol. cxlii: p. 230).
[125] Inaugural Diss., Munich. 1903.
[126] Comptes Rendus, 1897 (vol. cxxiv: p. 1458).
[127] Dict. App. Chem., 1913 (vol. v: p. 393).
[128] U.S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Chem. Bull. 105, 1907. (p. 42).
[129] Ann. (vol. cccviii: pp. 327–348).
Ibid. (vol. ccclxxii: pp. 237, 246).
Arch. Pharm. (vol. ccxlvii: pp. 184–196).
[130] Jour. Soc. Chem., Ind., 1910 (vol. xxix: p. 138).
[131] Z. Nahr. Genussm. (vol. xxi: p. 295).
[132] Paladino, Gazetta, 1895 (vol. xxv: no. 1: p. 104).
Forster & Riechelmann, Zeitsch. öffent. Chem., 1897 (vol. iii: p. 129).
Polstorff, K. Wallach-Festschrift, 1909 (pp. 569–83).
[133] Private communication.
[134] U.S. Pat., 716,878, Dec. 30, 1902.
[135] Tea & Coffee Trade Jour., 1920 (vol. xxxviii: pp. 321–22).
[136] Jour. Amer. Chem. Soc., 1907 (vol. xxix: p. 1091).
[137] Ber., 1895 (vol. xxviii: p. 3137); 1899 (vol. xxxii: p. 435); 1900 (vol. xxxiii: p. 3035).
[138] Willcox & Rentschler. Tea & Coffee Trade Jour., 1910 (vol. xix: p. 440).
[139] Fricke, E. Zeits. f. angew. Chemie., 1889 (pp. 121–122).
[140] Willcox & Rentschler. Tea & Coffee Trade Jour., 1911 (vol. xx: p. 355).
[141] U.S. Pat., 897,840, Sept. 1, 1908.
[142] British Pat., 144,988, March 19, 1920.
[143] French Pat., 412,550, Feb. 12, 1910.
[144] U.S. Pat., 947,577, Jan. 25, 1910.
[145] Jour. Chem. Soc., 1857 (vol. ix: p. 34).
[146] Wien. Akad. Ber. (2 Abth.) (vol. lxxxi: pp. 1032–1043).
Monatsh, f. Chem., 1880 (vol. i: p. 456).
[147] Zeits. f. Untersuch. d. Nahr. u. Genussm., 1898 (vol. vii: pp. 457–472)
[148] Ber., 1901 (vol. xxxv: pp. 1846–1854).
[149] Compt. rend. (vol. clvii: pp. 212–13).
[150] Bull. Pharm., 1916 (vol. xxx: pp. 276–78).
[151] Dict. App. Chem., 1913 (vol. ii: p. 99).
[152] U.S. Dispensatory, 19th Ed., 1907 (p. 145).
[153] Monatsh. f. Chem. (vol. xxxiii: pp. 1389–1406).
[154] Bull. Pharm., 1916 (vol. xxx: pp. 276–78).
[155] Apoth. Ztg. (vol. xxii: pp. 919–20).
Pharm. Weekbl., 1907 (vol. xxxvii).