Chuang Tzŭ, Chuang Chou, or Chuang Shêng. His cosmogony, 80; his super-tao, 91; his dream, 91 and n., 148–149; philosophical critic, 148–149; apotheosized, 148; reincarnation of, 149; and the young widow fanning the grave, 149; and his wife, 149–150; as Ch’u Wang-sun, 149–150; and Fêng Hou, 150; and Hsüan Nü, 150; receives from Shang Ti the planet Jupiter, 150
Chun T’i. A gifted warrior; his battles with T’ung-t’ien Chiao-chu, 133–134, 321 sq.; and K’ung Hsüan, the one-eyed peacock, 320–321; and Wu Yün, 323–324; and the golden-bearded turtle, 324; and P’i-lu Hsien, 324
Ch’un-yü Fên. And the dream of the south branch, 410 sq.; in the kingdom of Huai-an, 411 sq.; marries the King’s daughter, 412 sq.; takes office under the King, 414 sq.; his greatness, 416; meets with disasters, 416–417; the prophecies, 417; returns home, 418; the prophecies come true, 419
Ch’ung Chêng. Emperor; and the cursed temple, 398 sq.
Chung K’uei, or K’uei. As God of literature, 106 sq.; as God of Exorcism, 248; and Hsü Hao, 249–250; canonized, 250
Chung Yang Festival, 45
Chung-li Ch’üan, or Han Chung-li. One of the Eight Immortals, 288, 289, 297–298, 301, 303; legends of, 291–292
City. God of the, 165; shaving a whole city, 365–366
City-god of Yen Ch’êng. Legend of the, 402 sq.
Classes. The four classes of the people, 28
Classics. See Book of Ceremonial, Book of History, I Ching
Climate. Nature of Chinese, 19
Clothing. Nature of, 58
Clubs. See Accessory Institutions
Codes. Ceremonial, 42; legal—see Laws
Coins. Kinds in use, 49
Confucius. Social and ethical philosopher; his cosmogony, 80; and agnosticism, 88–89; not a god, 102 sq.; titles conferred on, 103
Confucianism. The State religion, 52, 99–100; effect on mythology, 61–62; Ju Chiao, religion of the learned, 102; scope of, 102; and Buddhism, 118
Constellations. Worship of the, 191; the twenty-eight, 191–192; propitious and unpropitious, 191; abodes of gods, 191–192; Tzŭ-wei and Po I-k’ao, 192 sq.
Corea. Dependency of China, 27; annexed by Japan, 27
Corpse. Feeding of, 40
Cosmetics. Use of, 47
Cosmogony. Myth of P’an Ku, 76 sq., 80–81; of the I ching, 80; of Lao Tzŭ, 80; of Confucius, 80; of Kuan Tzŭ, 80; of Mencius, 80; of Chuang Tzŭ, 80; Chinese and Babylonian, 80; Nü Kua and, 81–82; Wen Ch’ang’s attendants and, 82; dualistic nature of early, 83; how the Chinese obtained a, 84 sq.; tao and, 88; popular, 91–92; and the T’ai chi t’u, 92; non-mythological, 92; and constructive imagination, 92. See also Creation
Creation. Mo Tzŭ and, 89–90; Miao legends of the, 406 sq.
Crops. Kinds raised, 50; Gods of the, 165
Cursed Temple. Legend of the, 398 sq.
Cycle-gods, 177
D
Death. Idea of, 39–40; of the gods, 99
Deification. Origin of, 93
Demon-s. Kuei general name for, 103; of pestilence, subdued by the three musical brothers, 151; Page 433Maruta, 198; Asuras, 198; exorcism of, 249–250; Hsü Hao a, 249–250; of the Lotus Cave, 345 sq.; Red Child Demon, 350 sq.; of Blackwater River, 352; defeat of the Ox-demon, 359 sq.
Dependencies of China, 27
Dêva. General designation of the gods of Brahmanism, 120, 198
Dharma. Fa Pao, the Law, in Buddhism, 119. See Vairotchana
Diamond Kings of Heaven, The Four. See Chin-kang
Dipper. See Great Bear
Distribution. Internal, 48; external, 48–49
Divine Archer. Shên I, or Ch’ih-chiang Tzŭ-yü, 180 sq.
Divine Husbandman. See Shên Nung
Divorce. Reasons for, 23
Dog-s. Jung tribe with heads of, 20; shooting the Heavenly, 177–178; legend of Jung tribe, 419 sq.
Domestic Institutions. Marital, 22 sq.; filial, 25–26; domestic customs and habits, 46–47
Door-gods. See Mên Shên
Dragon-s. Symbol of, on Manchu flag, 28; P’an Ku with head of, 78; Blue—see Blue Dragon; Fêng Po, God of the Wind, 204, 205; are spirits of the waters, 208; generally beneficent, 208; essence of yang principle; evil dragons are Buddhist, 208; nagas, mountain dragons, 208; chief of the scaly reptiles, 208; description and properties of, 208 sq.; Buddhist, 209–210; fêng-shui and, 209; legend of the foolish, 211–212; spirits in charge of Salt Waters, 212; spirits in charge of Sweet Waters, 212; spirits in charge of Secondary Waters, 212; legend of Ch’in Shih Huang-ti and the, 212 sq.; Chang Tao-ling and the, 216–217; Hsü Chên-chün and the, 222 sq.; a spiritual alligator, 223–224; and drought in Peking, 232 sq.
Dragon-boat Festival. Origin and nature of, 44, 152
Dragon-king-s. The Sea-dragon Kings, the Chinese Neptunes; three daughters of, mothers of the San Kuan, 126; description of, 210–211, 212; Ao Ch’in and the Eight Immortals, 214 sq.; legend of Dragon-king’s daughter, 217 sq.; and Li No-cha, 307 sq.
Dragon-tiger Mountain. Abode of family of Chang Tao-ling, 142
“Dream of the South Branch.” Nan k’o mêng, 410; story of, 410 sq.
Dualism. In early cosmogony, 83; I ching and, 84; yin-yang system of, 85; illustrated by pantheon, 93
Duke of Thunder. See Lei Kung
E
Earlier Spirit Festival, 44
Earth. Gods of the, 46; the Earth-mother, 82, 109–110, 165. See also Soil and Ti
Earth-dumb. Ti-ya, or Ti-mu, the Earth-mother; one of the attendants of Wên Ch’ang, 82, 109–110
Earth-mother. Ti-ya, Ti-mu, or Hou-t’u, 82, 109–110, 165. See also Earth-dumb
Eastern Air, Sovereign of The, 136–137
Eastern Palace. Residence of T’ai I, star-spirit, 143
Ecclesiastical Institutions, 34 sq.
Education. Stereotyped at an early age, 37; restricted to study of the classics, 37; competitive examination system of, 37, 38; modern, 38
Eight Immortals. See Pa Hsien
Eight Trigrams. See Pa Kua and Trigrams
Eighteen Provinces. China Proper, 27
Elam. Probable origin of Chinese in, 15, 17
Elephant, White, 283, 284, 285–286
Emperor-s. Yü Huang, the Jade Emperor, 130, and see Yü Huang; ‘Throne of the Five,’ 176 Page 434
Emptiness and Devastation. Hsü Hao, a demon; exorcism of, 249–250
Environments of the Chinese. Inorganic, 18–19; organic, 19–20; sociological, 20–21
Epidemics. Gods of, 240 sq.; myths of, 240 sq.; Ministry of Seasonal, 240–241; God of Epidemics afflicts Miao Chuang, 274
Equinoxes. Festivals of the, 44
Êrh-lang. Helps to capture Sun Hou-tzŭ, 331
Examinations. Literary, as means of appointment to office, 29
Exchange. By barter, 49; coins, 49; weights and measures, 49
Exorcism-ists. The wu, 34; Ministry of, 248; gods of, 248–249; of ‘Emptiness and Devastation,’ 249
Expectant Wife. Legend of the, 391–392
Extinguisher. Sun Hou-tzŭ and the, 364–365
F
Fa Pao. Dharma, the Law, one of the San Pao of Buddhism, 119
Fan-s. Use of, 47; the Fire-quenching, 359 sq.
Fanning the Grave. Story of Chuang Chou and the widow, 149
Favourable-wind Ear. See Shun-fêng Êrh
Feast. Of Lanterns, 43–44; of Peaches, P’an-t’ao Hui, 137–138. See also Festival-s
Feathered People. Legend of, 390
Fei, Lady. Concubine of Mêng Ch’ang, 178. See Hua-jui Fu-jên
Fei Lien. See Fêng Po
Fêng Hou. And Chuang Chou, 150
Fêng Lin. Vanquished by No-cha, 153
Fêng Po. God of the Wind; and Shên I, 181, 204–205; legend of, 204–205; a stellar divinity, 204; a dragon, Fei Lien, 181, 204–205
Fêng Shên T’ai. Chiang Tzŭ-ya builds, for List of Promotions to Immortals, 154, 157
“Fêng Shên Yen I.” Legends in, 192 sq., 242, 320 sq.
Fêng-shan. Sacrifices offered on T’ai Shan by Ch’êng Tsung, 127
Fêng-shui, Doctrine of, 54; dragons connected with, 209
Festival-s, 43 sq.; Mid-autumn (All Souls’ Day), 35, 44–45; New Year, 43; of Lanterns, 43–44; of the four seasons and their equinoxes and solstices, 44; Earlier Spirit, 44; of the Tombs, 44; Middle Spirit, 44; Later Spirit, 44; Dragon-boat, 44, 152; Chung Yang (kite-flying), 45; New Year’s Eve, 45
Feudal Period. Duration of, 18; administrative system in, 28–29; ecclesiastical institutions in, 34 sq.; professional institutions in, 36; accessory institutions in, 37
Feudal States. Subjugated by Ch’in, 27
Finger-nails. Worn long by literary and leisured classes, 47
Fire. Ch’ih Ching-tzŭ an alleged discoverer of, 199; myths of, 236 sq.; Ministry of, 236; God of, burns Hsi Ch’i, 236–237; Ch’ih Ching-tzŭ a personification of, 237; Ch’ih Ti, the Red Emperor, 237–238; Hui Lu, 238–239; Shên Nung, 239; the Fire-quenching Fan, 359 sq.
Fire-quenching Fan, The Magic, 359 sq.
First Cause. Sung philosophers and, 85–86; Mencius and, 90
Five Elements (wu hsing), 84
Five Graduates. Legend of the, 242 sq.; gain favour of the Emperor, 243; and Chang T’ien-shih, 244–245; killed, 244; their spirits appear at the palace, 244–245; canonized, 246
Flag. Republican, 28; dragon-symbol on Manchu, 28
Flood, Legend of the Great, 224–225
Flowers. Chinese love for, 51
Flying Cart, Land of the, 391
Fo Pao. Buddha, one of the San Pao of Buddhism, 119
Food. Kinds of, 58
Foot-binding. Origin of, 39; abolition of, 39 Page 435
Form. See Hsing
Formosa. A Chinese possession, 27; annexed by Japan, 27
Foxes. Legends of, 370 sq.; generally of ill omen, 370; powers of, 370; transformations of, 370
Fu Hsi, or T’ien Huang Shih. Mythical sovereign; brother of Nü Kua, 81, 82; creator of human beings, 239, 247–248; a God of Medicine, 247–248
Fu Shên, Yang Ch’êng, or Yang Hsi-chi. The God of Happiness, 165, 169–170; origin of, 169; other Gods of Happiness, 170
Fu-sang Tree. One which grows at the place where the sun rises, 186–187
Funeral Rites, 39 sq.; the idea of death, 39; recalling the soul, 39–40; feeding the corpse, 40; the soul-tablet, 40; signs of mourning, 40; exacting nature of ceremonial, 41; cemeteries, 41