Myths and Legends of China

I

I Ching.” The Book or Canon of Changes or Permutations; first, but not the oldest, of the classics, 80, 84, 85; reputed origin of, 84; Fu Hsi and, 84; contains no cosmogony proper, 84, 92

I Tu. The Solitary Indeterminate; makes evolution of Chaos possible, 9091; tao and, 9091 Page 438

I Yu. Superior of Nunnery of the White Bird, 261262, 263

Ideograms, Ancient Chinese, 14

Immaterial Principle. See LI

Immortal-s. Hsien, or Hsien-jên, 125, 135; God of the, 136; the Eight—see Pa Hsien; the Eight, and the God of Longevity, 214. See also Hsien

Immortality, Pills of. See Pills

Imperfect Mountain. Kung Kung strikes his head against the, 81

Implements. Great variety of Chinese, 59

Indo-China. Supposed origin of Chinese in, 14; language of, 14; early tribes in, 15

Indra. The God of Heaven; and Yü Huang, 133

Industrial Institutions, 47

J

Jade. Symbol of purity; the Jade Emperor, 130

Jade Palace of Abstraction, 154, 155

Jan-têng Fo, or Jan Têng. Light-lamp Buddha, 120; and Chiang Tzŭ-ya, 158; revives Wu Wang, 159; and T’ai Sui, 196; mentioned, 161

Jan-têng Tao-jên. Fights with T’ung-t’ien Chiao-chu, 134

Jên Huang. The nine Human Sovereigns, 144, 145

Jên Tsung. Emperor; and worship of Chang Hsien, 178

Jih Chi So Chih,” 422 n.

Jointed Snake. Legend of the, 393

Ju Chiao. See Confucianism

Ju-i. ‘As you wish’; precious stone, 134

Ju-lai Fo. Chinese translation of Tathagata, the highest epithet of a Buddha, literally ‘thus come’: “bringing human nature as it really is, with perfect knowledge and high intelligence, he comes and manifests himself”; in the myth of P’an Ku, 78; and Miao Shan (Kuan Yin), 269270; rescues Hsüan Chuang, 358359

Jung. Tribe with heads of dogs, 20; legend of, 419 sq.

Jupiter. Yü Huang the Chinese, 130; given as a kingdom to Chuang Chou by Shang Ti, 150; and T’ai Sui, 194

K

Kalpa. A period during which a physical universe is formed and destroyed, 128

K’ang Hsi. Emperor; and Wang Tan, 131132

Kao Chio. See Shun-fêng Êrh

Kao Ming. See Ch’ien-li Yen

Khotan. Supposed origin of the Chinese in, 13, 15, 17

King-s. Multiple character of kingship, 28; the king the source of legislation and the administrator of justice, 29; king as high priest, 3435; King of Hell, 120; the Four, of Heaven, 142; Four, of the Salt Waters, 212; Four, of the Sweet Waters, 212; as Gods of Medicine, 247248; the Dragon-kings, see Dragon-king-s

Kingdom, The Women’s, 390391

Kitchen-god. See Tsao Chün

Kite-flying. Season of, 45

Knowledge, 54 sq.

Ko Hung. Author of Shên hsien chuan; inventor of P’an Ku legend, 79, 80

Ko-ai. Daughter of Kuan Yu; and the casting of the great bell of Peking, 396 sq.

Ku, Mr. And the fox-girl, 376 sq.

Kua. Brother of Nü; at foot of K’un-lun Mountains, 82

Kuan Chung. And Pao Shu, the Chinese types of friendship, 383 and n.

Kuan Lo. His connexion with Shou Hsing, 172

Kuan Ti, or Wu Ti. Title of the God of War, 117

Kuan Tzŭ. A renowned statesman and sage of the Feudal Period; his cosmogony, 80

Kuan Yin, or Kuan Shih Yin. The Buddhist Goddess of Mercy; Tou Mu the equivalent of, in Page 439Taoism, 144; and Shui-mu Niang-niang, 221222; attributes, etc., 251 sq.; throne of, on Pootoo (P’u T’o) Isle, 252; the Buddhist Saviour, 252253; and Sun Hou-tzŭ, 333; and Sha Ho-shang, 334; and Chu Pa-chieh, 335; and the White Horse, 340341; and the Red Child Demon, 350 sq. See also Miao Shan

Kuan Yü. God of War, 113 sq.; and Chang Fei, 114 sq.; and Liu Pei, 114 sq.; deified, 117

Kuan Yu. A mandarin; and the casting of the great bell at Peking, 394 sq.

Kuang Ch’êng-tzŭ. Mythical being who taught the attainment of immortality, also said to be an incarnation of Lao Tzŭ; battle with To-pao Tao-jên, 133; fights against Wên Chung, 161

Kuei. Name for demons, 103

K’uei. A star; palace of the God of Literature, 106 sq.

K’uei, or Chung K’uei. As God of Literature, 106 sq.; as God of Exorcism, 248, 249250

K’uei Hsing. Distributor of literary degrees, 109, 110, 112

K’uei Niu. A monster resembling a buffalo, 133

K’un-lun Mountains. Supposed origin of the Chinese in, 13, 16; Nü and Kua at foot of, 82; Hsi Wang Mu and, 137; Yü Shih resides in, 206

Kung. The Artisans; the third class of the people, 28

K’ung Hsüan. The one-eyed peacock; and Chun T’i, 320321

Kung Kung. A feudatory prince; defeated by Chu Jung, 81; strikes his head against the Imperfect Mountain, 8182

Kuo P’o. Magician, 223

Kuo Tzŭ-i. A God of Happiness, 170

L

La Mei. A flower; the three musical brothers and, 151

Labour. Division of, 4748

Lake. Of Gems, 137; legend of the origin of a, 405406

Lan Ts’ai-ho. One of the Eight Immortals, 214, 303; legend of, 293

Land. System of tenure of, 48; greater portion under cultivation, 4950

Lang Ling. Disciple of Li T’ieh-kuai, 289, 290

Language, Chinese, 14; nature of, 5657; written, 57

Lanterns, Feast of, 4344

Lao Chün. See Lao Tzŭ

Lao Tzŭ. Called also Lao Chün, T’ai-shang Lao-chün, and Shên Pao; teacher, founder of Taoist system of philosophy; and monism, 87; his Tao-tê ching, 87; and tao, the ‘Way,’ 8788; third person of Taoist triad, 125; and Yü Huang, 132; battles with T’ung-t’ien Chiao-chu, 133, 321322; and Chuang Tzŭ, 148149; fights with Ch’iung Hsiao, 158; and Li T’ieh-kuai, 289, 290; Sun Hou-tzŭ steals pills of immortality from, 330; helps to capture Sun Hou-tzŭ, 331332; distils Sun Hou-tzŭ in his furnace, 331332

Later Spirit Festival, 44

Law, The. In Buddhism, 149

Laws. Character of early, 30; lex talionis, 30; legal codes, 3031

Legend-s. Mythology and, 7475; of the One-legged Bird, 206207; of the Great Flood, 224225; of the building of Peking, 227 sq.; fox, 370 sq.; of the Unnatural People, 386 sq.; of the Pygmies, 386387; of the Giants, 387; of the Headless People, 387388; of the Armless People, 388; of the Long-armed People, 388389; of the Long-legged People, 389; of the One-eyed People, 389; of the One-armed People, 389, 391; of the One-legged People, 389; of the One-sided People, 389; of the Long-eared People, 389; of the Six-toed People, 389; of the Feathered People, 390; of the People of the Punctured Bodies, 390; of the Women’s Kingdom, 390391; of the Flying Cart, Page 440391; of the Expectant Wife, 391392; of the Wild Men, 392393; of the Jointed Snake, 393; of the great bell of Peking, 394 sq.; of the Cursed Temple, 398 sq.; of the Maniac’s Mite, 401402; of the City-god of Yen Ch’êng, 402 sq.; of the origin of a lake, 405406; of creation, among Miao tribes, 406 sq.; of the South Branch, 410 sq.; of Jung tribe with heads of dogs, 419 sq.

Lei Chên-tzŭ. One of Wu Wang’s marshals; attacks Ch’ien-li Yen and Shun-fêng Êrh, 164; kills unicorn of Wên Chung, 199; legend of, 202203; a Son of Thunder, 202; called Wên Yü, 202; and Yün Chung-tzŭ, 202203

Lei Kung. Duke of Thunder, 198, 199200; and Garuda, 200; and Vajrâpani, 200; caught in the cleft of a tree, 200201; and the mysterious bottle, 202

Lei Tsu, or Wên Chung. God of Thunder; agent to Yüan-shih T’ien-tsun, 128; President of the Ministry of Thunder, 198199; description of, 198; origin of, 198199; and Ch’ih Ching-tzŭ, 199; and Yün Chung-tzŭ, 199; and Chiang Tzŭ-ya, 199; confused with the Spirit of Thunder, 199

Li. The Immaterial Principle; Chu Hsi and, 8687; Chou Tzŭ and, 87

Li Chi.” The classical Book of Ceremonial, 103

Li Chin-cha. Eldest son of Li Ching, 305

Li Ching, or Li T’ien-wang. The Pagoda-bearer; his encounter with Ch’ien-li Yen and Shun-fêng Êrh, 162 sq.; kills Lo Hsüan, 237; legend of, 305 sq.; receives golden pagoda, 319; is made Guardian of the Gate of Heaven, 319. See also Li T’ien-wang

Li Kuei-tsu. Known as Tsêng-fu Hsiang-kung; a God of Happiness, 170

Li Lao-chün. And Shui-mu Niang-niang, 221

Li Mu-cha. Second son of Li Ching, 305, 317; duel with Lü Yüen, 241

Li No-cha. Third son of Li Ching; defends the Chou, 146; and Têng Chiu-kung, 147; vanquishes Fêng Lin, 153; defeats Chang Kuei-fang, 153154; and Chiang Tsŭ-ya, 154; fights and slays Ts’ai-yün Hsien-tzŭ, 159160; fights with Ch’ien-li Yen and Shun-fêng Êrh, 162; and Peking, 229; legend of, 305 sq.; frequently mentioned in Chinese romance, 305; an avatar of the Intelligent Pearl, 306; and Lung Wang, 307 sq.; and Ao Ping, 308309; discharges a magic arrow, 312; and Shih-chi Niang-niang, 312313; commits hara-kiri, 313314; temple built to, 314; his statue destroyed by his father, 315; consults his master, 316; is transformed, 316317; battles with his father, 317 sq.; is reconciled to his father, 318319

Li P’ing. Sixth officer of the Ministry of Epidemics, 242

Li Shao-chün. And Tsao Chün, 166167

Li Shih-min, Emperor; and legend of the five graduates, 243 sq.; and Chang T’ien-shih, 243 sq.; visited by spirits of the graduates, 245246; canonizes the graduates, 246

Li T’ieh-kuai. One of the Eight Immortals, 214, 303; legends of, 289 sq.

Li T’ien-wang. And Sun Hou-tzŭ, 331. See also Li Ching

Liao Chai Chih I.” Seventeenth-century work; and fox-legends, 370371

Libraries. See Accessory Institutions

Lieh Tzŭ, or Lieh Yü-k’ou. A philosopher, by some regarded as fictitious; Chinese mythology and, 72; his Absolute, 9091; apotheosized, 148

Lieh Yü-k’ou. See Lieh Tzŭ

Lightning. Mother of, 203; and the yin and the yang, 203204; myths of, 203204; Spirit of, 203204

Ling Chên-tzŭ. Gives the Bird of Dawn to Shên I, 187

Ling Hsü. Dragon-king, 218219 Page 441

Ling-pao T’ien-tsun, or Tao Chûn. Second person of Taoist triad, 124

Lion, The Green, 283, 284, 285286

List of Promotions to Immortals. Given to Chiang Tzŭ-ya, 154; Tzŭ-ya builds Fêng Shên T’ai for, 154, 157

Literary Degrees. K’uei Hsing distributor of, 110

Literary Examinations. Means of appointment to office, 29

Literature. Gods of, 104 sq., 299; Wên Ch’ang and the Great Bear, 105 sq.; palace of God of, 106; God of War as God of, 113 sq.; Chinese, 408 sq.

Liu Ch’in. Minister of Miao Chuang, 277, 279280, 282

Liu Hsüan Te. See Liu Pei

Liu Hung. Murderer of Ch’en Kuang-jui, 336337

Liu I. And the Dragon-king’s daughter, 217 sq.

Liu Pei, Liu Hsüan Tê, or Hsien Chu. Hawker of straw shoes, and founder of the Shu Han dynasty; and Kuan Yü, 114 sq.

Liu Po-wên. Taoist priest; and Chu-ti, 228 sq.

Living, Worship of the, 101

Lo Ching Hsin. See Yüan-shih T’ien-tsun

Lo Hsüan, or Huo-tê Hsing-chün. Originally Yen-chung Hsien; President of the Ministry of Fire, 236237; description of, 236; burns Hsi Ch’i, 236237

Lo Yü. First name of P’o Chia (Miao Chuang), 253

Long-armed People. Legend of, 388389

Long-eared People. Legend of, 389

Long-legged People. Legend of, 389

Longevity, God of. See Shou Hsing

Lotus Cave, The, 345 sq.

Lu Ch’i. Legend of, and Princess T’ai Yin, 110111; appointed Minister of the Empire, 111

Lü Shang. See Chiang Tzü-ya

Lü Tung-pin, or Lü Yen. One of the Eight Immortals, 288, 292,296, 300, 301, 303; legends of, 297 sq.

Lu Tung-shih. Follower of Ch’in Shih Huang-ti; draws portrait of the God of the Sea, 213; results of his offence, 214

Lü Yüeh. President of the Ministry of Epidemics, 241; legend of, 241242; in battle at Hsi Ch’i 241; his duel with Mu-cha, 241; in battle with Huang T’ien-hua 241; Chiang Tzŭ-ya and, 241; and the magic umbrellas, 241242; Yang Chien and, 242; Yang Jên and, 242

Lü Yen. See Lü Tung-pin

Lung Chi. Princess; saves city of Hsi Ch’i from fire, 237

Lung Nü. Becomes pupil of Miao Shan, 274; canonized, 287

Lung Wang. Dragon-king of the Eastern Sea; his son saved by Miao Shan, 273274; and No-cha, 307 sq.; and Sun Hou-tzŭ, 328329; saves Ch’Sn Kuang-jui, 339340